本文選題：民族文化 + 生態(tài)移民　； 參考：《農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：黃土高原地區(qū)生態(tài)移民所面臨的生計重建困難中疊加了少數(shù)民族的生計轉(zhuǎn)換問題。本文分析了移民戶搬遷階段"搬得出",重建階段才"穩(wěn)得住",進而依據(jù)生計的概念將生計重建劃分為經(jīng)濟重建、社區(qū)重建、文化重建三個維度,在此基礎上提出"搬遷與生計重建"兩階段模型。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)民族文化體現(xiàn)在兩階段模型中生計重建的三個維度上,其特征分別是:回族信仰伊斯蘭文化,"圍寺而居",生計方式多樣化;蒙古族以游牧文化為主,"逐水草而居",依賴天然草場打獵放牧;漢族以中國傳統(tǒng)文化為主流,主要表現(xiàn)為定居農(nóng)耕文明。除民族文化因素外,移民戶的資本稟賦、搬遷政策的實施狀況和移民戶的態(tài)度對生計重建也有重要影響。因此,搬遷政策應關注那些不同民族文化背景下的群體生計特征,提高搬遷補償標準以提高移民的搬遷自愿性,把幫扶措施同移民戶家庭經(jīng)營的活力結合起來,提高移民戶應對貧困風險的可行能力。
[Abstract]:The livelihood transformation of ethnic minorities is superimposed by the livelihood reconstruction difficulties faced by ecological immigrants in the Loess Plateau. In this paper, the author analyzes that "moving out" in the stage of relocation of immigrant families, only in the stage of reconstruction, and then divides the reconstruction of livelihood into three dimensions: economic reconstruction, community reconstruction and cultural reconstruction, according to the concept of livelihood, which is divided into three dimensions: economic reconstruction, community reconstruction and cultural reconstruction. On this basis, a two-stage model of "relocation and livelihood reconstruction" is proposed. The study found that the national culture is embodied in the three dimensions of livelihood reconstruction in the two-stage model, the characteristics of which are: the Hui believe in Islamic culture, "live around the temple", and the way of livelihood is diversified; The Mongolian people are mainly nomadic, "living by water and grass", and rely on natural pasture for hunting and grazing, while the Han nationality takes Chinese traditional culture as the mainstream, mainly for the settlement of farming civilization. Besides the national cultural factors, the capital endowment, the implementation of the relocation policy and the attitude of the immigrant families also have an important impact on the livelihood reconstruction. Therefore, relocation policies should focus on the livelihood characteristics of those groups in different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, raise the criteria for compensation for relocation in order to increase the voluntary nature of the relocation of migrants, and combine support measures with the vitality of the operation of immigrant families. Improve the ability of immigrant households to cope with the risk of poverty.
【作者單位】： 山西師范大學經(jīng)濟與管理學院;
【基金】：國家社會科學基金項目(15BMZ094)~~
【分類號】：D632.4;F323.8

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1 龍濤;;苗家春社[J];新西部;2014年04期

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本文編號：1893041