本文選題：群體性突發(fā)事件 + 縣級(jí)政府��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型地加快,群眾的價(jià)值觀(guān)念、思維方式、利益關(guān)系日益多元化,加上社會(huì)階層的快速分化以及利益格局的調(diào)整,各個(gè)利益主體之間的摩擦與沖突頻繁出現(xiàn),導(dǎo)致群體性突發(fā)事件呈多發(fā)態(tài)勢(shì)。我國(guó)群體性突發(fā)事件在地域上存在一定的規(guī)律性,平和、合法的群體性突發(fā)事件多發(fā)生在大中城市,而暴力、非法的群體性突發(fā)事件經(jīng)常發(fā)生在縣城,如貴州甕安事件、四川漢源事件、云南孟連事件等�？h級(jí)政府作為處理縣域群體性突發(fā)事件的“第一責(zé)任人”、一線(xiàn)“指揮者”和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)“處置者”,扮演著特殊角色并發(fā)揮著特殊的作用�？h級(jí)政府處理效果的好壞直接影響到群體性突發(fā)事件給社會(huì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響的大小。因此,提升縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力刻不容緩�？陀^(guān)、準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)估縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急能力,對(duì)提升縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力具有重要意義�？h域群體性突發(fā)事件有其固有的特點(diǎn),如觸點(diǎn)多、燃點(diǎn)低,發(fā)生方式具有突發(fā)性和暴力性,利益沖突領(lǐng)域多元,青少年參與群體龐大,主體多為弱勢(shì)群體,客體多為政府部門(mén)及國(guó)有企業(yè)等。縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力取決于潛伏階段的預(yù)防、誘發(fā)階段的預(yù)警、發(fā)展高潮階段的處置和消亡平息階段的善后等過(guò)程的表現(xiàn),因此,縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急能力就體現(xiàn)在事前預(yù)防能力、事初預(yù)警能力、事中處置能力和善后處理能力等方面。縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力評(píng)估是對(duì)縣級(jí)政府在應(yīng)對(duì)事件過(guò)程中的應(yīng)急質(zhì)量、應(yīng)急效率、應(yīng)急滿(mǎn)意度等進(jìn)行全面的、客觀(guān)的評(píng)估,是一個(gè)多參數(shù)、多系統(tǒng)、多目標(biāo)的評(píng)估過(guò)程。其評(píng)估既要保證公平、公正、高效益,又要實(shí)現(xiàn)與群眾的良性互動(dòng)。因此在評(píng)估過(guò)程中,要堅(jiān)持以善政、善治等理念為核心的評(píng)估價(jià)值取向,善政要求評(píng)估過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)民主、評(píng)估結(jié)果公開(kāi)透明、評(píng)估運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)高效低耗,善治要求通過(guò)評(píng)估實(shí)現(xiàn)政府與群眾的共同愿景,并對(duì)群眾負(fù)責(zé)、對(duì)群眾意見(jiàn)及時(shí)反饋。為了保證縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力評(píng)估的客觀(guān)性、準(zhǔn)確性和廣泛性,需要構(gòu)建由政府組織、縣域群眾、第三方組織和大眾傳媒等組成的評(píng)估主體體系,多元評(píng)估主體行為存在利益偏好,協(xié)調(diào)多元評(píng)估主體間的利益,保障評(píng)估多元主體體系科學(xué)運(yùn)作,避免能力評(píng)估中出現(xiàn)的主觀(guān)傾向。能力評(píng)估重在指標(biāo)體系的選取。縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力評(píng)估一級(jí)指標(biāo)主要由事前預(yù)防能力指標(biāo)、事初預(yù)警能力指標(biāo)、事中處置能力指標(biāo)和善后處理能力指標(biāo)等構(gòu)成,其中,事前預(yù)防能力指標(biāo)主要包括:預(yù)案制定、利益訴求、宣傳教育和應(yīng)急演練等方面;事初預(yù)警能力指標(biāo)主要包括:社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別、矛盾糾紛排查、群眾心理監(jiān)測(cè)和預(yù)警信息處理等方面;事中處置能力指標(biāo)主要包括:應(yīng)急決策、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制、指揮協(xié)調(diào)和輿論引導(dǎo)等方面;善后處理能力指標(biāo)主要包括:兌現(xiàn)政策、心理干預(yù)、處置追究和總結(jié)完善等方面。對(duì)指標(biāo)權(quán)重進(jìn)行科學(xué)賦值是為開(kāi)展客觀(guān)、合理的應(yīng)急能力評(píng)估提供保障。以我國(guó)2004-2014年發(fā)生在縣域內(nèi)、較為典型的25個(gè)群體性突發(fā)事件為樣本,根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)13位專(zhuān)家對(duì)25個(gè)事件中縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急能力的主觀(guān)感受來(lái)評(píng)判48個(gè)評(píng)估指標(biāo)的重要程度,并運(yùn)用粗糙集方法測(cè)算專(zhuān)家評(píng)分來(lái)確定各評(píng)估指標(biāo)的權(quán)重。開(kāi)展能力評(píng)估實(shí)證研究是縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力評(píng)估過(guò)程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。運(yùn)用模糊綜合評(píng)判方法對(duì)2014年發(fā)生的云南10?14晉寧施工沖突事件、山東3?21平度村民守征地被焚事件、河南獲嘉游行示威事件和湖南平江“火電項(xiàng)目”事件等進(jìn)行實(shí)證測(cè)評(píng)。通過(guò)分析四個(gè)縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急能力的得分情況發(fā)現(xiàn)縣級(jí)政府的事前預(yù)防能力與事初預(yù)警能力較為薄弱、事中處理能力存在不少缺陷、善后過(guò)程中缺乏群眾心理安撫等問(wèn)題。在今后一定時(shí)期內(nèi),縣級(jí)政府重點(diǎn)從觀(guān)念、制度、機(jī)制、方式等角度來(lái)提升應(yīng)對(duì)群體性突發(fā)事件能力,其中,通過(guò)提高政府預(yù)防意識(shí)、加強(qiáng)政府預(yù)警思維、轉(zhuǎn)變事件處置思想、創(chuàng)新事件善后理念等來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)變縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急觀(guān)念,通過(guò)推進(jìn)縣級(jí)政府信訪(fǎng)制度改革、優(yōu)化群眾利益協(xié)調(diào)整合制度、完善群體事件信息公開(kāi)制度、理順矛盾的制度化解決路徑等來(lái)改進(jìn)縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急制度,通過(guò)建立科學(xué)決策機(jī)制、部門(mén)聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制、謠言消除機(jī)制、心理疏導(dǎo)機(jī)制等來(lái)完善縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急機(jī)制,通過(guò)分類(lèi)處置群體事件、構(gòu)建多元治理模式、發(fā)展協(xié)商民主范式、加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情引導(dǎo)等來(lái)創(chuàng)新縣級(jí)政府應(yīng)急方式。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and social transformation, the values of the masses, the way of thinking, the relationship of interests are increasingly diversified, the rapid differentiation of social strata and the adjustment of the interests pattern, the frequent occurrence of friction and conflict among the various stakeholders, resulting in a multiple outbreak of mass emergencies. There are certain regularities, flat, and legitimate group emergencies occur in large and middle cities, and violent, illegal group emergencies often occur in the county town, such as the Guizhou Weng an incident, the Han source event in Sichuan, the Yunnan Meng Lian incident and so on. The county government is the first line of responsibility for dealing with the county mass emergency. The "commander" and the on-site "disposer" play a special role and play a special role. The treatment effect of the county government directly affects the negative impact of the mass emergency on the society. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the response of the county government to the mass emergency. The emergency ability of the government is of great significance to improving the ability of the county government to deal with the mass emergency. There are many inherent characteristics of the county group emergency, such as many contacts, low ignition points, sudden and violent way, the field of conflict of interest is pluralistic, the youth participates in a large group, the main body is the weak group and the object is the government. The ability of county-level governments to deal with mass emergencies depends on the prevention of the latent stage, the early warning in the stage of induction, the treatment of the stage of development at the high tide stage and the aftermath of the recovery stage. Therefore, the emergency ability of the county government is reflected in the ability of pre event prevention, the ability of early warning and the ability to deal with it. The assessment of the ability of the county government to deal with mass emergencies is a comprehensive and objective assessment of the emergency quality, emergency efficiency and emergency satisfaction of county-level governments in the process of responding to the events. It is a multi parameter, multi system and multi-objective evaluation process. The assessment should not only ensure fairness, fairness and efficiency. In the process of evaluation, we should adhere to the value orientation of the assessment of good governance and good governance, the process of good governance requires the realization of democracy, the open and transparent evaluation of the evaluation results, the evaluation of high efficiency and low consumption, and the evaluation and evaluation of the common vision of the government and the masses, and the responsibility for the masses. In order to ensure the objectivity, accuracy and universality of the county-level government in response to the assessment of mass emergency, it is necessary to construct an evaluation system composed of government organizations, county masses, third party organizations and mass media. In order to protect the scientific operation of the multi subject system and avoid the subjective tendency in the assessment of capacity, the evaluation of capacity is emphasized in the selection of the index system. The index of pre event prevention mainly includes: preplan formulation, interest demand, publicity and education and emergency rehearsal, and other aspects of early warning capability include social risk identification, contradiction and dispute investigation, mass psychological monitoring and early warning information processing, etc. Policy, field control, command and coordination and public opinion guidance, and so on. The index of post treatment ability mainly includes: cashing the policy, psychological intervention, disposing and summarizing and perfecting. The scientific assignment of the index weight is to provide a guarantee for the objective and reasonable assessment of emergency ability. It is more typical in the county of China for 2004-2014 years. 25 group emergencies are the samples. According to the subjective feelings of the 13 experts on the county government emergency ability in the 25 events, the importance of the 48 evaluation indexes is judged, and the rough set method is used to measure the weight of the evaluation indicators. The important link in the evaluation of the capacity of the event is the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the Yunnan 10? 14 Jinning construction conflicts in 2014, the Shandong 3? 21 flat degree villagers' land expropriation, the Henan Huojia demonstration and the Pingjiang "thermal power project" in Hunan Pingjiang. Through the analysis of four county-level governments The scoring situation of the urgent ability is found to be weak in the ability to prevent and early warning of the county government. There are many defects in the handling capacity in the event, and there is a lack of mass psychological comfort in the process of aftermath. In a certain period of time, the county government should focus on improving the response to mass unexpected incidents from the viewpoint, system, mechanism and mode. By improving the government's preventive awareness, strengthening the government's early warning thinking, changing the thought of the event handling, and innovating the idea of the aftermath of the event, it will change the emergency concept of the county government, through the promotion of the reform of the county-level government's petition system, the optimization of the system of the coordination and integration of the interests of the masses, the perfection of the system of information disclosure of the group events and the rationalizing of the system of contradictions. In order to improve the county level government emergency system, we can improve the county government emergency mechanism through the establishment of scientific decision-making mechanism, Department linkage mechanism, rumor elimination mechanism, psychological dredging mechanism and so on. Through the classification and disposal of group events, the construction of multiple governance models, the development of the cooperative democratic paradigm and the guidance of network public opinion to innovate county-level. Government emergency response.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D63

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