本文選題：基金會(huì)　切入點(diǎn)：市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自2004年3月國(guó)務(wù)院頒布了《基金會(huì)管理?xiàng)l例》以來(lái),我國(guó)公益性基金會(huì)無(wú)論是數(shù)量、活動(dòng)范圍、自身能力還是社會(huì)影響力都與日俱增。截止至2015年5月,在中國(guó)各級(jí)登記管理機(jī)關(guān)登記注冊(cè)的基金會(huì)共4399家,其中2895家為非公募基金會(huì)。整體看來(lái),中國(guó)基金會(huì)的運(yùn)作不斷市場(chǎng)化專業(yè)化,基金會(huì)行業(yè)整體呈現(xiàn)出良好的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭。然而在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑和通貨膨脹的影響下,基金會(huì)自身面臨的運(yùn)作壓力也不斷增大。因此,公益性基金會(huì)如何有效運(yùn)作,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)公益目標(biāo),提升貢獻(xiàn)層次已成為中國(guó)基金會(huì)課題的研究重點(diǎn)。公益性基金會(huì)的市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作是對(duì)于資源日益短缺現(xiàn)實(shí)的回應(yīng),其中,采用公司制的內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)以及將項(xiàng)目管理和資金運(yùn)作分離是基金會(huì)運(yùn)作比較常見(jiàn)的搭配。中國(guó)公益性基金會(huì)市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作的具體表現(xiàn)包括：捐贈(zèng)走向制度化,組織治理專業(yè)化,公益勸募技巧化以及以投資促進(jìn)公益等。但是在實(shí)際運(yùn)作過(guò)程中,也存在如籌資渠道單一、項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足、法律法規(guī)不完善以及社會(huì)輿論壓力大等問(wèn)題。因此,中國(guó)公益性基金會(huì)的市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作仍在探索階段。美國(guó)基金會(huì)積極探索市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作道路,各類基金會(huì)秉持自身的慈善理念、制定合理高效的內(nèi)部管理制度、形成了各有特色的資金運(yùn)作模式,將自身的社會(huì)影響力發(fā)揮到最大。成功的市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作,與管理體制息息相關(guān)。美國(guó)對(duì)基金會(huì)的管理特點(diǎn)可以概括為放松管制重在監(jiān)督,即在基金會(huì)等非營(yíng)利組織的登記類型和服務(wù)領(lǐng)域方面放松,而在免稅資格申請(qǐng)和服務(wù)宗旨的履行方面加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。文章以美國(guó)最大的私人基金會(huì)——比爾和梅琳達(dá)·蓋茨基金會(huì)為案例分析對(duì)象,深入剖析其內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)和資金運(yùn)作模式。蓋茨基金會(huì)的內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)與現(xiàn)代公司制度的治理架構(gòu)相似,最高決策是聯(lián)席主席和理事,管理委員會(huì)則包括各職能部門的首席官員,協(xié)助理事會(huì)進(jìn)行相關(guān)的決策事宜,而具體工作則由基金會(huì)四大項(xiàng)目總裁帶領(lǐng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)分別執(zhí)行。蓋茨基金會(huì)獨(dú)具特色的雙實(shí)體運(yùn)作模式,反映出基金會(huì)對(duì)專業(yè)化運(yùn)作的極高要求�；饡�(huì)更多負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目的選擇、制定、實(shí)施以及效果評(píng)估,而信托基金則專注于資金的保值增值活動(dòng)。對(duì)比中美兩國(guó)基金會(huì)市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作的狀況,探究市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作的影響因素后,本文嘗試給中國(guó)基金會(huì)的市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作提出建議,包括：更加專業(yè)化地運(yùn)作資金,尤其是在中國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)不斷發(fā)展的背景下,嘗試運(yùn)用投資組合,找到適合自己的投資方式,努力讓基金會(huì)的資產(chǎn)保值增值；其二,基金會(huì)的項(xiàng)目管理高效化合理化,“引進(jìn)來(lái)”和“走出去”相結(jié)合,重視國(guó)內(nèi)外合作,提升國(guó)際影響力；其三,信息披露及時(shí)透明,給予公眾了解基金會(huì)運(yùn)作情況,尤其是資金運(yùn)作狀況的機(jī)會(huì),為自身發(fā)展拓展空間；最后,處理好“開(kāi)源”與“節(jié)流”的平衡,每一個(gè)基金會(huì)的健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展直接關(guān)系到中國(guó)公益生態(tài)鏈的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since March 2004 the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on Administration of the fund since the public welfare fund in China will be either the number, scope of activities, their ability or social influence. All grow with each passing day by the end of May 2015, registered in the registration authority at all levels of the China fund a total of 4399, of which 2895 for non-public funds overall. Chinese, the operation of the foundation to market professional foundation, the whole industry has shown a good momentum of development. However, in the global economic slowdown and inflation, the fund is facing its own operating pressure is also increasing. Therefore, public welfare fund to operate effectively, so as to achieve the goal of public welfare, enhance the level of contribution has become the focus of research Chinese foundation project. The operation of the market of public welfare fund is to respond to the reality of the growing shortage of resources, which adopts the Corporation within Department of governance and project management and capital operation separation is the foundation operates more common collocation. The specific performance Chinese public welfare fund market operation includes donations to system, organization management professional, public fundraising skills as well as to promote public investment. But in the actual operation of the process, there are also such as project financing channels, the lack of operational experience, the problem of imperfect laws and regulations and social public opinion pressure. Therefore, the operation of the market Chinese public welfare fund is still in the exploratory stage. The fund will actively explore the market operation of the road, all kinds of funds will uphold the concept of charity itself, develop a reasonable and efficient internal management system the formation of the capital operation mode, the characteristics of their own social influence, will play to the maximum. Successful marketing operation, and is closely related to the management system of America. The management characteristics of the foundation can be summarized as deregulation on supervision, namely the type of registration and service areas in the fund and other non-profit organizations and relax in the duty-free qualification to apply for and serve the purpose of the performance supervision. This article takes the largest private foundation - the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation as the research object, this paper deeply analyzes the internal governance structure and capital operation mode. The internal governance structure of the Gates foundation and the system of modern company governance structure similar to that of the highest decision-making is co chairman and director of the management committee, including the chief officials of various functional departments, assist the Council related decisions, and the specific work by the fund four projects the president's team were executed. Two entity operation mode of the Gates foundation unique, reflecting the foundation of professional operation pole High demand. The foundation more responsible for project selection, formulation, implementation and evaluation of effect, value activities and trust fund will focus on investment. Comparing the two countries fund the operation of the market situation, study the factors that influence the operation of the market, this paper tries to give the market operation of China fund recommendations including more specialized operation funds, especially in the development of Chinese capital market background, try to use the portfolio, to find suitable for their investment, to fund assets; second, project management foundation, rationalization, "bringing in" and "going out" with attention of domestic and foreign cooperation, enhance the international influence; thirdly, information disclosure is timely and transparent, giving the public understanding of fund operation, especially the status of capital operation opportunity for its development and extension Finally, we should deal with the balance between open source and throttling. The healthy and stable development of every foundation is directly related to the sustainable development of China's public welfare ecosystem.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D632.9

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本文編號(hào)：1715165