本文選題：失獨(dú)家庭　切入點(diǎn)：政府責(zé)任　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：失獨(dú)家庭一般是指獨(dú)生子女因疾病、意外事故等不可控因素致死,而父母自身因年齡、身體、經(jīng)濟(jì)等原因,無(wú)法或不愿意再生育子女的家庭。失獨(dú)家庭的存在是我國(guó)特有的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,是國(guó)家實(shí)施“一胎化”計(jì)劃生育政策的產(chǎn)物。獨(dú)生子女的死亡,破壞了穩(wěn)固的倒金字塔式的家庭結(jié)構(gòu),部分失獨(dú)父母成為生無(wú)所依、求助無(wú)門(mén)、維權(quán)無(wú)據(jù)、病無(wú)所醫(yī)、老無(wú)所養(yǎng)、死無(wú)人送的六無(wú)群體。近年來(lái),為了改變自身所面臨的生活困境,實(shí)現(xiàn)政府應(yīng)承擔(dān)的養(yǎng)老保障、生活照料、醫(yī)療保健等責(zé)任的合理訴求,失獨(dú)群體發(fā)起的信訪維權(quán)事件日益增多。雖然隨著我國(guó)全面“二孩”生育政策的實(shí)施,失獨(dú)群體最終會(huì)逐步減少直至消失,但目前,我國(guó)的失獨(dú)群體規(guī)模尚未達(dá)到峰值,在未來(lái)一定時(shí)期內(nèi)還將呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),這一特殊群體人數(shù)雖無(wú)確切定論,但達(dá)到數(shù)百萬(wàn)卻是不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。政府作為失獨(dú)家庭扶助制度的制定者與養(yǎng)老保障、經(jīng)濟(jì)扶助、生活照料、醫(yī)療保健等的責(zé)任主體之一,能否有效地構(gòu)建起對(duì)失獨(dú)家庭的扶助體系,切實(shí)解決他們的現(xiàn)實(shí)困難和后顧之憂,事關(guān)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和諧,事關(guān)黨和政府的形象,必須高度重視,有效應(yīng)對(duì)。本文以責(zé)任政府理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論、新公共服務(wù)理論為理論支撐,在分析失獨(dú)家庭的政府扶助角色與失獨(dú)家庭利益訴求的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行相關(guān)法律、政策文本和典型失獨(dú)群體信訪事件的分析,研究失獨(dú)家庭的政府扶助政策與制度安排,探究失獨(dú)家庭的政府扶助實(shí)踐與存在的問(wèn)題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),失獨(dú)家庭問(wèn)題日益受到黨和政府的高度重視,中央和地方政府針對(duì)失獨(dú)家庭問(wèn)題出臺(tái)了一系列扶助政策與措施,取得了一定成效。但是,失獨(dú)家庭的政府扶助制度依然存在一些問(wèn)題,表現(xiàn)為:失獨(dú)扶助法律政策不健全,扶助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低且保障水平地區(qū)差異大,政府扶助重經(jīng)濟(jì)扶助輕心理扶助,扶助設(shè)置門(mén)檻,失獨(dú)家庭扶助工作機(jī)制不健全。基于當(dāng)前存在的這些問(wèn)題,應(yīng)該著力完善失獨(dú)家庭政府扶助的相關(guān)制度,完善失獨(dú)家庭政府扶助的工作機(jī)制等,以進(jìn)一步完善政府對(duì)失獨(dú)家庭的扶助體系,解除失獨(dú)家庭晚年生活的后顧之憂,促進(jìn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和諧。
[Abstract]:Families without independence generally refer to the death of an only child due to uncontrollable factors such as illness, accidents, etc., while the parents themselves die because of age, health, economy, and so on. Families that are unable or unwilling to have children again. The existence of families without independence is a unique social phenomenon in China and a product of the country's implementation of the "one-child" family planning policy. It has destroyed the solid inverted pyramid family structure, and some of the dispossessed parents have become the six unsupported groups with no basis for life, no access to help, no basis for safeguarding their rights, no medical treatment for illness, no place to support old people, and no one to send to the dead. In recent years, In order to change the plight of their own lives and realize the reasonable demands of the government for the responsibility of providing for the aged, living care, medical care, etc., With the implementation of the comprehensive "two-child" fertility policy in our country, the number of lost independence groups will eventually decrease and disappear, but at present, the scale of the lost independence groups in China has not yet reached a peak. There will be an increasing trend in the future. Although there is no definite conclusion on the number of this special group, it is an indisputable fact to reach millions. The government, as the maker of the support system for families without independence and for the provision of old-age security and economic assistance, One of the responsible subjects of life care, medical care, and so on, can we effectively construct a support system for families who have lost their independence, effectively solve their practical difficulties and worries, have a bearing on social stability and harmony, and on the image of the party and the government? This paper, based on the theory of responsible government, the theory of public goods and the theory of new public service, is based on the analysis of the role of government support and the interests of families without independence. Based on the analysis of the current relevant laws, policy texts and the cases of letters and visits of the typical group, this paper studies the policy and institutional arrangement of government support for families without independence, probes into the practice and existing problems of government support for families without independence, and finds out that, The issue of families without independence has been paid more and more attention to by the Party and the government. The central and local governments have issued a series of policies and measures to help families without independence. There are still some problems in the system of government support for families without independence, such as imperfect legal policies, low standards of assistance and large regional differences in the level of protection, and the government supports the economy, neglects psychological assistance, and sets the threshold for assistance. The mechanism for helping families without independence is not perfect. Based on the existing problems, we should make efforts to improve the relevant systems of government support for families without independence, and improve the working mechanism of government support for families without independence. In order to further improve the government's support system for families who lost their independence, relieve their worries in their later years, and promote social stability and harmony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D632.1

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