本文選題：項(xiàng)目管理 + 空間受限項(xiàng)目��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的推進(jìn)以及信息技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展,項(xiàng)目的參與主體多、工程周期長(zhǎng)、社會(huì)影響廣、涉及因素多的特點(diǎn)更加突出,導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目的規(guī)模越來(lái)越大,復(fù)雜性越來(lái)越高。同時(shí),人類社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,也使得項(xiàng)目所處的環(huán)境變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜,項(xiàng)目空間約束的情況也變得更加嚴(yán)重。在空間約束項(xiàng)目中,在有限的空間中同時(shí)往往有多個(gè)工序并行執(zhí)行,工序之間會(huì)因?yàn)榭臻g資源使用沖突而發(fā)生相互影響。因此,在項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜度越來(lái)越高,項(xiàng)目規(guī)模越來(lái)越大的同時(shí),項(xiàng)目所在空間的約束卻變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)急劇增加。項(xiàng)目一旦發(fā)生安全事故,不僅會(huì)使項(xiàng)目工期失控,嚴(yán)重偏離計(jì)劃,而且還會(huì)造成人員傷亡、財(cái)物損失,給項(xiàng)目造成巨大損失。那么,如何盡可能地減少空間受限項(xiàng)目的安全事故?為此,本文進(jìn)行了安全視角下空間受限項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間計(jì)劃研究,本文希望在項(xiàng)目管理的計(jì)劃階段就開(kāi)始著力降低空間受限項(xiàng)目的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此,本文針對(duì)空間受限項(xiàng)目中某些相互影響比較嚴(yán)重,容易導(dǎo)致安全事故的并行活動(dòng),調(diào)整執(zhí)行模式,以降低安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上編制空間受限項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間計(jì)劃,最終以項(xiàng)目網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖的形式反映出來(lái),用于指導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施,以達(dá)到減少項(xiàng)目安全事故,保證項(xiàng)目收益的目的。本文主要進(jìn)行了以下研究：首先,本文通過(guò)研究典型的空間受限項(xiàng)目,總結(jié)了空間受限項(xiàng)目的一些特點(diǎn),包括：受限性、復(fù)雜性、密集性、協(xié)作性、危險(xiǎn)性等,并嘗試定義空間受限項(xiàng)目的概念,“空間受限項(xiàng)目”是指項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過(guò)程中作業(yè)面受到比較嚴(yán)重的空間約束,這里的空間約束包括項(xiàng)目整體的空間約束和項(xiàng)目中某個(gè)作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)的空間約束,在某項(xiàng)目中只要存在這兩種約束中的一種或者兩種,那么該項(xiàng)目就可以被稱為“空間受限項(xiàng)目”。其次,本文通過(guò)研究典型空間受限項(xiàng)目中發(fā)生的安全事故,總結(jié)導(dǎo)致空間受限項(xiàng)目安全事故的原因以及特點(diǎn),原因包括：項(xiàng)目空間資源不足,項(xiàng)目管理與實(shí)施不當(dāng),項(xiàng)目所處環(huán)境不利等；特點(diǎn)包括：嚴(yán)重性、多發(fā)性、可變性、復(fù)雜性、次生性。再次,本文分析總結(jié)了傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目管理中時(shí)間計(jì)劃的不足和空間受限與項(xiàng)目安全的以及與項(xiàng)目進(jìn)度的關(guān)系,在傳統(tǒng)的項(xiàng)目時(shí)間計(jì)劃制定過(guò)程的基礎(chǔ)上,從安全視角切入,設(shè)計(jì)了空間受限項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間計(jì)劃的制定過(guò)程,并且設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化模型和算法。為了驗(yàn)證模型和算法的有效性,設(shè)計(jì)了數(shù)值算例進(jìn)行了校驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明本文提出時(shí)間計(jì)劃制定過(guò)程具有一定的有效性,不但減少了項(xiàng)目安全事故的發(fā)生,而且也不會(huì)造成項(xiàng)目工期的急劇增加。最后,總結(jié)了本次研究的主要內(nèi)容、創(chuàng)新以及不足之處。本研究是對(duì)“空間受限項(xiàng)目”這一研究課題的初次嘗試,存在很多不足之處�！翱臻g受限項(xiàng)目”是一個(gè)具有非常廣闊研究前景的研究課題,希望有越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者可以關(guān)注這一課題。
[Abstract]:With the development of global economic integration and the rapid development of information technology, the participation of the project is more and more involved, the project cycle is long, the social influence is wide, the factors involving many factors are more prominent, the scale of the project is more and more large and the complexity is more and more high. At the same time, the rapid development of human society also makes the environment of the project become more and more. The more complex it is, the situation of project space constraints is becoming more serious. In a space constrained project, multiple processes are often executed in a limited space, and the interaction between processes will affect each other because of the conflict of space resources. Therefore, the project is more and more complex and the project is more and more large and the project is empty. The constraints between the projects have become more and more serious, resulting in a sharp increase in the safety risk of the project. Once a project has a safety accident, it will not only make the project time limit out of control, seriously deviate from the plan, but also cause casualties, loss of property, and huge losses to the project. So, how to reduce the safety accidents of space limited projects as possible? This paper studies the time planning of space limited projects under the security perspective. This paper hopes to reduce the security risk of space limited projects in the planning stage of the project management. Therefore, this paper aims at the serious interaction of some space limited projects, which can easily lead to the parallel activities of the security accidents, and adjust the execution mode. In order to reduce the security risk, the time plan of the limited space project is compiled on this basis. Finally, it is reflected in the form of the project network diagram to guide the implementation of the project in order to reduce the project safety accident and ensure the purpose of the project income. This paper mainly carried out the following research: first, this paper studies the typical space limited item. Some characteristics of space limited projects are summarized, including constraints, complexity, intensity, collaboration and danger, and try to define the concept of space limited projects. "Space limited projects" refer to the more serious space constraints in the process of project implementation, and the spatial constraints here include the space of the whole project. The space constraints of a task link in a beam and a project, as long as there are one or two of the two constraints in a project, then the project can be called the "space limited project". Secondly, this paper summarizes the causes of the safety accidents in the limited space project by studying the safety accidents in the typical space limited projects. And its characteristics include: lack of project space resources, improper project management and implementation, unfavorable environment in the project, etc. characteristics include: serious, multiple, variability, complexity and sub nature. Thirdly, this paper analyzes and summarizes the shortage of time planning in the traditional project management, the space limitation and project safety, and the project progress. The relation of degree, on the basis of the traditional project time planning process, from the security perspective, design the time plan of the space limited project, and design the optimization model and algorithm. In order to verify the validity of the model and algorithm, a numerical example is designed and verified. The results show that the time meter is proposed in this paper. The process of drawing up has some effectiveness, which not only reduces the occurrence of project safety accidents, but also does not cause a sharp increase in project time. Finally, it summarizes the main contents, innovation and shortcomings of this study. This study is the first attempt of the "space limited project", and there are many shortcomings. "Space constrained project" is a research topic with very broad research prospects. I hope more and more scholars can pay attention to this topic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU712

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