本文選題：研發(fā)項(xiàng)目管理 + 專利預(yù)警��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：市場競爭的日益加劇使技術(shù)創(chuàng)新逐漸成為企業(yè)的核心競爭力,各企業(yè)紛紛加大研發(fā)投入,以確保在激烈的行業(yè)競爭中站穩(wěn)腳跟；而技術(shù)研發(fā)具有極大不確定性,因此項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理是研發(fā)項(xiàng)目管理中的重要課題。以往研究多從技術(shù)、資金、政治與市場等角度考慮研發(fā)項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制,忽略了專利風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；但專利兼具經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)價(jià)值,已成為外國企業(yè)遏制中國企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的有力工具。中國企業(yè)正處于技術(shù)追趕期,專利力量較薄弱,容易陷入專利叢林乃至專利陷阱的包圍,產(chǎn)生高額費(fèi)用,延誤技術(shù)發(fā)展。研發(fā)項(xiàng)目管理中如何做好專利預(yù)警工作,規(guī)避專利風(fēng)險(xiǎn),成為亟待解決的研究熱點(diǎn)。本文利用專利計(jì)量學(xué),探索了中國企業(yè)在研發(fā)項(xiàng)目管理中應(yīng)如何展開專利預(yù)警工作。首先,通過文獻(xiàn)梳理總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外專利預(yù)警工作的實(shí)施情況,對國內(nèi)外專利預(yù)警領(lǐng)域的原則、框架、方法與指標(biāo)等進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并分析了近年來國內(nèi)外對于專利研究所采用的主要方法與工具；然后,從面向技術(shù)領(lǐng)域與面向競爭對手兩個(gè)角度提出具體的專利預(yù)警指標(biāo),最后,選定云計(jì)算為具體研究領(lǐng)域與競爭對手分析,對研發(fā)項(xiàng)目管理中專利預(yù)警模式與方法進(jìn)行研究。面向技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的專利預(yù)警工作以技術(shù)生命周期為依托展開,從技術(shù)整體分析、重點(diǎn)技術(shù)分析與技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢三方面構(gòu)建專利指標(biāo)進(jìn)行研究；目前中國市場云計(jì)算技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,專利數(shù)量迅速增加,發(fā)展前景看好；但技術(shù)依賴性高達(dá)21.6%,且技術(shù)領(lǐng)域狹窄,技術(shù)空白較多,技術(shù)專利主要分布在H04L0012與H04L0029,熱門領(lǐng)域包括私人電子助理、存儲盤驅(qū)動、虛擬專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)與內(nèi)存管理。面向競爭對手的專利預(yù)警研究中,本文建議可將競爭對手分為三類：行業(yè)領(lǐng)先者,追趕企業(yè)與專利主張實(shí)體。行業(yè)領(lǐng)先者技術(shù)專利眾多,已在全球范圍內(nèi)開展專利布局；追趕企業(yè)技術(shù)研發(fā)起步晚,技術(shù)生長率較高,發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?國內(nèi)企業(yè)大多屬于追趕企業(yè),因此是本節(jié)指標(biāo)分析對象；專利主張實(shí)體多以專利許可或訴訟為運(yùn)營模式來獲取收入,而技術(shù)的高度復(fù)雜化又為這類企業(yè)的隱蔽性創(chuàng)造了條件,所以在研發(fā)項(xiàng)目的專利預(yù)警中,對這類企業(yè)也需格外關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:With the increasing competition in the market, technological innovation has gradually become the core competitiveness of enterprises, and enterprises have increased their R & D investment to ensure a firm foothold in the fierce competition in the industry, and technological R & D has great uncertainty.Therefore, project risk management is an important subject in R & D project management.Chinese enterprises are in the period of technological catch-up, and the patent power is weak, which is easy to fall into the patent jungle and even the patent trap, resulting in high cost and delaying the development of technology.How to do patent early warning and avoid patent risk in R & D project management has become an urgent research hotspot.Using patent metrology, this paper explores how Chinese enterprises should carry out patent early warning in R & D project management.First of all, the paper summarizes the implementation of patent early warning at home and abroad, and summarizes the principles, framework, methods and indicators of patent early warning at home and abroad.It also analyzes the main methods and tools used in recent years for patent research at home and abroad, and then puts forward the specific patent warning index from two aspects of technology-oriented and competition-oriented. Finally,Cloud computing is selected as the specific research field and competitors to study the patent early warning model and method in R & D project management.The patent early-warning work in the field of technology is based on the technology life cycle, and the patent index is constructed from three aspects: the overall analysis of technology, the key technology analysis and the trend of technological development. At present, cloud computing technology is developing rapidly in the Chinese market.The number of patents is increasing rapidly and the development prospect is promising, but the technical dependence is as high as 21.6, and the technical field is narrow, and there are many technical gaps. The technology patents are mainly distributed in H04L0012 and H04L0029. The hot fields include private electronic assistant, storage disk driver, and so on.Virtual Private Network and memory Management.In the research of patent warning for competitors, this paper suggests that competitors can be divided into three categories: industry leader, catch-up enterprise and patent entity.The industry leader technology patent is numerous, has carried out the patent layout in the global scope; the catch-up enterprise technology research and development starts late, the technology growth rate is higher, the development potential is big, the domestic enterprise mostly belongs to the catch-up enterprise, therefore is this section index analysis object;Patent claims entities take patent license or litigation as the operating mode to obtain revenue, and the high complexity of technology creates conditions for the concealment of this kind of enterprises, so in the patent early warning of R & D projects, special attention should be paid to this kind of enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F273.1

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