本文選題：壽光市　切入點(diǎn)：農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：壽光市是著名的“中國(guó)蔬菜之鄉(xiāng)”。近年來(lái),壽光市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速。較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平,為農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移提供了較為充足的動(dòng)力。壽光市以蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)起家,所以,壽光市的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移情況也就注定有屬于自己的“特色”。壽光市農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移分為三個(gè)階段。第一階段是冬暖式蔬菜大棚普及初期。壽光市的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力在這一時(shí)期主要集中于蔬菜種植業(yè)。一方面,技術(shù)的不斷升級(jí),使蔬菜種植對(duì)人工的要求越來(lái)越少,產(chǎn)量越來(lái)越多,農(nóng)民獲得的收益也越來(lái)越多,由此出現(xiàn)了大量的剩余勞動(dòng)力。另一方面,由于蔬菜深加工、蔬菜物流等產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求飛速增長(zhǎng)。于是,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向這些行業(yè)大量轉(zhuǎn)移。第二階段是產(chǎn)業(yè)多元化發(fā)展時(shí)期。在這一階段,壽光市的造紙、建筑、化工、商貿(mào)零售、海洋化學(xué)、生物制藥、新能源等產(chǎn)業(yè)相繼迸發(fā)出了強(qiáng)勁的活力,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移方向也由單一的蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)變?yōu)樗行屡d的產(chǎn)業(yè),個(gè)體創(chuàng)業(yè)的數(shù)量也大幅增加。第三階段是工業(yè)反哺農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)始以后。在這一階段,各項(xiàng)政策開(kāi)始向農(nóng)村傾斜,農(nóng)業(yè)稅被取消,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有了多種補(bǔ)貼。農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移速度雖然有所減緩,但大的趨勢(shì)未發(fā)生變化。2013年,壽光市農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)14.6萬(wàn)人,這部分人的文化程度大都在中小學(xué)水平,但接受過(guò)高中以上教育的人員數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)較快,農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力的年齡主要在31—50歲之間。農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的方式大多以親戚、朋友介紹為主,主動(dòng)外出的情況較少。壽光市農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移依舊面臨著五大因素的制約:(1)隨著各種優(yōu)惠政策向農(nóng)村傾斜,城市的誘惑力逐漸降低;(2)農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力的文化程度和職業(yè)技能水平比較低,不懂技術(shù)成為了制約他們發(fā)展的“硬傷”;(3)農(nóng)民工依舊得不到與城市人相同的待遇;(4)農(nóng)民工的合法權(quán)益不能得到很好的保障;(5)社會(huì)上依舊存在城鄉(xiāng)有別的觀念。針對(duì)壽光農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)狀和面臨的問(wèn)題,作者通過(guò)實(shí)地走訪、專家咨詢等途徑,展開(kāi)了專題調(diào)研。通過(guò)研究壽光市的政策環(huán)境,調(diào)查農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力在市區(qū)的工作情況、生活狀況、技能情況和對(duì)未來(lái)的想法,進(jìn)而對(duì)壽光市農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)展歷程、自身特點(diǎn)和存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行客觀、深入地分析,并且尋找出產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)有問(wèn)題的原因。通過(guò)分析提出了一系列有針對(duì)性的建議:(1)通過(guò)出臺(tái)政策,逐步消除農(nóng)民與市民的區(qū)別,讓農(nóng)民工成為真正的市民;(2)進(jìn)一步加快壽光市的城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程,提高對(duì)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的吸納能力;(3)加快產(chǎn)業(yè)的升級(jí)改造,使之更加有利于農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移;(4)提高企業(yè)職工的最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn),讓農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力留得住;(5)進(jìn)一步完善社會(huì)保障制度,讓務(wù)工的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力無(wú)后顧之憂。最后得出如下結(jié)論:(1)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移在壽光市的發(fā)展歷史上是不可缺少的一個(gè)重要章節(jié),也是實(shí)現(xiàn)“城鄉(xiāng)一體均衡壽光”所必須直面的問(wèn)題;(2)壽光市在農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移方面既具有一定的代表性,也具有自己的特點(diǎn);(3)本文提出的建議對(duì)于情況相似的地區(qū)具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Shouguang City, is the famous "China vegetable village". In recent years, Shouguang City's rapid economic development. The higher the level of economic development, provide more adequate power for the transfer of rural labor force. In Shouguang vegetable industry started, so also has its own "characteristics" doomed situation in Shouguang City the transfer of rural labor. Divided into three stages of rural labor transfer in Shouguang City. The first stage is the early popularity of winter vegetable greenhouse in Shouguang City. The rural labor force in this period mainly concentrated in planting vegetables. On the one hand, the continuous upgrading of technology, the requirement of artificial vegetable planting less yield more and more the farmer gains more and more, resulting in a large number of surplus labor. On the other hand, due to the rapid development of vegetables, vegetable processing, logistics and other industries, the demand for labor in the rapid growth. Yes, a large number of rural labor transfer to these industries. The second stage is the period of industrial diversification. At this stage, the paper, Shouguang City building, chemical industry, retail trade, marine chemistry, bio pharmaceuticals, new energy and other industries have a strong vitality, the direction of transfer of rural labor force is also a single vegetable industry for all the emerging industry, but also a substantial increase in the number of individual entrepreneurs. After the third stage of industry nurturing agriculture began. At this stage, the policy began to rural areas, the agricultural tax was canceled, there are a variety of agricultural production subsidies. Although the speed of rural labor migration has slowed, but the trend did not change.2013 years, rural labor employment 146 thousand Shouguang City, this part of the cultural level mostly in the level of primary and secondary schools, but received high school education above the number of staff growth, rural The transfer of labor age mainly between 31 and 50 years old. The rural labor transfer most of the way to relatives, friends, the initiative to go out less. The transfer of rural labor in Shouguang city still faces five factors: (1) with various preferential policies to the agricultural city village, the temptation to decrease gradually; (2) the culture degree of the transfer of rural labor force and occupation skill level is relatively low, do not understand technology restricts their development "flawed"; (3) migrant workers are still not the same and the city's treatment; (4) the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers can not be well protected; (5) the society still there are other ideas. In view of the present situation of urban and rural areas of rural labor transfer in Shouguang and problems, the author through field visits, expert consultation, launched a special investigation. Through the study of Shouguang City, policy environment, investigation of rural labor Living conditions in the urban areas of the dynamic working conditions, skills and Thoughts on the future development of rural labor transfer and Shouguang City, its characteristics and problems are objective, in-depth analysis, and find the reason produced existing problems. Through the analysis and put forward a series of targeted recommendations: (1) through the introduction of the policy, to gradually eliminate the difference between farmers and citizens, let migrant workers become real citizens; (2) to further accelerate the process of urbanization in Shouguang City, improve the rural labor absorptive capacity; (3) the upgrading speed of the industry, which is more conducive to the transfer of rural labor force; (4) improve the minimum wage of enterprise employees, allow the transfer of rural labor force stay; (5) to further improve the social security system for rural labor workers, no worries. The conclusions are as follows: (1) in the transfer of rural labor force The historical development of Shouguang City is an important section of indispensable, but also to achieve "must face balanced Shouguang" integration of urban and rural issues; (2) the transfer of rural labor in Shouguang City as representative, also has its own characteristics; (3) the proposal presented in this paper has certain reference significance the area is similar to the situation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6;F249.2

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