重慶市財(cái)政支出對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-15 09:05
【摘要】：依賴于改革發(fā)展,中國(guó)在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等領(lǐng)域獲得了舉世矚目的成就,人民生活水平得到了顯著的提升。然而,在中國(guó)的城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)之間的收入差距正呈現(xiàn)出不斷增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì),為了有效遏制在更大范圍內(nèi)的城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)之間的收入差距擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì),確保社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展,需要政府的介入對(duì)收入分配進(jìn)行干預(yù)。在眾多政府調(diào)整收入分配的手段中,財(cái)政支出無(wú)疑是最直接有效的,從理論的角度說(shuō),財(cái)政支出本身就是一種有效的經(jīng)濟(jì)手段,可以直接或間接影響社會(huì)收入分配。本文在我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距趨勢(shì)不斷擴(kuò)大且短期之類無(wú)收斂的態(tài)勢(shì)下,從財(cái)政支出的角度出發(fā),研究重慶市財(cái)政支出與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的關(guān)系,試圖從中尋求一些新思路緩解重慶市城鄉(xiāng)收入差距現(xiàn)狀。為此,本文首先闡述了財(cái)政支出與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距相關(guān)理論文獻(xiàn),并以財(cái)政支出調(diào)節(jié)收入分配理論為基礎(chǔ),選取重慶市為研究范圍,本文以重慶1997年獨(dú)立的歷史背景為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法,對(duì)財(cái)政支出與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的變化進(jìn)行了分析。其次,利用重慶市1997-2014年時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù),建立多元回歸模型驗(yàn)證了重慶市財(cái)政支出與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的關(guān)系。得出如下研究結(jié)論:第一,財(cái)政支出規(guī)模逐年遞增,導(dǎo)致各項(xiàng)財(cái)政支出項(xiàng)目逐年遞增,但財(cái)政支出項(xiàng)目占總財(cái)政支出比例變化趨勢(shì)、漲幅各不相同;1997-2014年重慶市財(cái)政支出占全國(guó)財(cái)政支出比重基本維持在1%-2.2%之間,整體水平較低。重慶市城鄉(xiāng)收入差距整體呈現(xiàn)出逐年遞增趨勢(shì);重慶市城鄉(xiāng)收入絕對(duì)值逐年遞減,相對(duì)值呈現(xiàn)“U”型,恩格爾系數(shù)和基尼系數(shù)逐年遞減,泰爾指數(shù)先升后降;重慶市城鄉(xiāng)收入差距絕對(duì)值和基尼系數(shù)均低于全國(guó)平均水平,而城鄉(xiāng)收入差距相對(duì)值、恩格爾系數(shù)和泰爾指數(shù)均高于全國(guó)平均水平。第二,適當(dāng)增加財(cái)政支出規(guī)模對(duì)縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距有比較顯著的效果;增加農(nóng)林水事務(wù)支出、科教文衛(wèi)支出、社會(huì)保障和就業(yè)支出,對(duì)縮小重慶城鄉(xiāng)收入差距具有重要作用;一般公共服務(wù)支出、行政管理費(fèi)支出的增加對(duì)城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)收入差距的影響無(wú)顯著作用;交通運(yùn)輸支出對(duì)縮小重慶市城鄉(xiāng)收入差距上起了消極作用;城鎮(zhèn)化率在縮小重慶市城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)收入差距方面起到了顯著的作用。最后,以實(shí)證結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)結(jié)合重慶市自身的特點(diǎn),對(duì)縮小重慶市城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)之間的收入差距提出了一些具有針對(duì)性的政策建議。第一,增加農(nóng)林水事務(wù)支出,優(yōu)化農(nóng)林水事務(wù)支出結(jié)構(gòu);第二,增加科教文衛(wèi)支出,調(diào)整科教文衛(wèi)支出重心;第三,加大社會(huì)保障和就業(yè)支出,建立多層次、全方位的社會(huì)保障體系;第四,適當(dāng)減少交通運(yùn)輸支出,完善交通運(yùn)輸財(cái)政體系。
[Abstract]:Depending on reform and development, China has achieved remarkable achievements in the fields of politics, economy, culture and so on, and the living standard of the people has been greatly improved. However, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is showing a growing trend, in order to effectively curb the widening trend of income gap between urban and rural areas on a larger scale, To ensure the stability of society and harmonious development of society, it is necessary for the government to intervene in income distribution. Fiscal expenditure is undoubtedly the most direct and effective means of adjusting the income distribution of many governments. From the theoretical point of view, fiscal expenditure itself is an effective economic means, which can directly or indirectly affect the distribution of social income. This paper studies the relationship between Chongqing's fiscal expenditure and urban-rural income gap from the point of view of fiscal expenditure under the situation that the trend of urban-rural income gap is constantly expanding and there is no convergence in the short-term. Try to seek some new ideas to alleviate the current situation of urban-rural income gap in Chongqing. Therefore, this paper first expounds the relevant theoretical literature on fiscal expenditure and urban-rural income gap, and based on the theory of fiscal expenditure adjustment income distribution, selects Chongqing as the research scope, and this paper is based on the independent historical background of Chongqing in 1997. Using descriptive statistical analysis method, this paper analyzes the change of fiscal expenditure and income gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, using the 1997-2014 time series data of Chongqing, a multiple regression model is established to verify the relationship between the fiscal expenditure and the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. The conclusions are as follows: first, the scale of fiscal expenditure increases year by year, leading to the increase of fiscal expenditure items year by year, but the proportion of fiscal expenditure items to total fiscal expenditure changes, the increase is different; From 1997 to 2014, Chongqing's fiscal expenditure accounted for about 1% to 2.2% of the country's fiscal expenditure, with a low overall level. The income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing is increasing year by year, the absolute value of urban and rural income in Chongqing decreases year by year, the relative value presents "U" type, Engel coefficient and Gini coefficient decrease year by year, and the Terre index rises first and then decreases. The absolute value and Gini coefficient of urban-rural income gap in Chongqing are lower than the national average, while the relative value of urban-rural income gap, Engel coefficient and Terre index are all higher than the national average. Secondly, increasing the scale of fiscal expenditure has a significant effect on reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas, increasing the expenditure on agriculture, forestry, water affairs, science, education, culture and health, social security and employment, which plays an important role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. The increase of general public service expenditure and administrative expenses has no significant effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas, transportation expenditure plays a negative role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. The urbanization rate has played a significant role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. Finally, based on the empirical results and combining with the characteristics of Chongqing, this paper puts forward some targeted policy suggestions to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas of Chongqing. First, increase the expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water services and optimize the expenditure structure of agriculture, forestry and water services; second, increase the expenditure on science, education, culture and health, and adjust the center of expenditure on science, education, culture and health; Third, increase social security and employment expenditure, establish a multi-level, all-round social security system; fourth, appropriately reduce transport expenditure, improve the transport financial system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F812.45
本文編號(hào)：2440487
[Abstract]:Depending on reform and development, China has achieved remarkable achievements in the fields of politics, economy, culture and so on, and the living standard of the people has been greatly improved. However, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is showing a growing trend, in order to effectively curb the widening trend of income gap between urban and rural areas on a larger scale, To ensure the stability of society and harmonious development of society, it is necessary for the government to intervene in income distribution. Fiscal expenditure is undoubtedly the most direct and effective means of adjusting the income distribution of many governments. From the theoretical point of view, fiscal expenditure itself is an effective economic means, which can directly or indirectly affect the distribution of social income. This paper studies the relationship between Chongqing's fiscal expenditure and urban-rural income gap from the point of view of fiscal expenditure under the situation that the trend of urban-rural income gap is constantly expanding and there is no convergence in the short-term. Try to seek some new ideas to alleviate the current situation of urban-rural income gap in Chongqing. Therefore, this paper first expounds the relevant theoretical literature on fiscal expenditure and urban-rural income gap, and based on the theory of fiscal expenditure adjustment income distribution, selects Chongqing as the research scope, and this paper is based on the independent historical background of Chongqing in 1997. Using descriptive statistical analysis method, this paper analyzes the change of fiscal expenditure and income gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, using the 1997-2014 time series data of Chongqing, a multiple regression model is established to verify the relationship between the fiscal expenditure and the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. The conclusions are as follows: first, the scale of fiscal expenditure increases year by year, leading to the increase of fiscal expenditure items year by year, but the proportion of fiscal expenditure items to total fiscal expenditure changes, the increase is different; From 1997 to 2014, Chongqing's fiscal expenditure accounted for about 1% to 2.2% of the country's fiscal expenditure, with a low overall level. The income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing is increasing year by year, the absolute value of urban and rural income in Chongqing decreases year by year, the relative value presents "U" type, Engel coefficient and Gini coefficient decrease year by year, and the Terre index rises first and then decreases. The absolute value and Gini coefficient of urban-rural income gap in Chongqing are lower than the national average, while the relative value of urban-rural income gap, Engel coefficient and Terre index are all higher than the national average. Secondly, increasing the scale of fiscal expenditure has a significant effect on reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas, increasing the expenditure on agriculture, forestry, water affairs, science, education, culture and health, social security and employment, which plays an important role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. The increase of general public service expenditure and administrative expenses has no significant effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas, transportation expenditure plays a negative role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. The urbanization rate has played a significant role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in Chongqing. Finally, based on the empirical results and combining with the characteristics of Chongqing, this paper puts forward some targeted policy suggestions to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas of Chongqing. First, increase the expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water services and optimize the expenditure structure of agriculture, forestry and water services; second, increase the expenditure on science, education, culture and health, and adjust the center of expenditure on science, education, culture and health; Third, increase social security and employment expenditure, establish a multi-level, all-round social security system; fourth, appropriately reduce transport expenditure, improve the transport financial system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F812.45
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