【摘要】：歐洲主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)的警報(bào)尚未解除，在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)低迷的背景下，日本與美國兩大經(jīng)濟(jì)體也無法獨(dú)善其身。日本連續(xù)經(jīng)歷兩個(gè)“失去的10年”而推行擴(kuò)張性財(cái)政政策，其政府債務(wù)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大。雖然日本的政府債務(wù)具有不同于危機(jī)中歐元區(qū)國家的債務(wù)特性，但如果不進(jìn)行財(cái)政重建，日本有可能在未來爆發(fā)嚴(yán)重的政府債務(wù)危機(jī)。 美國作為全世界最大的債務(wù)國，近年來同樣入不敷出。2011年標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾下調(diào)美國政府債務(wù)評級與2012年末“財(cái)政懸崖”危機(jī)的爆發(fā)均體現(xiàn)其財(cái)政狀況的惡化，同時(shí)對全球資本市場產(chǎn)生了劇烈影響。然而，日美兩國的政府債務(wù)問題盡管棘手，卻沒有像部分歐元區(qū)國家一樣演變成政府債務(wù)危機(jī)，這是由兩國政府債務(wù)各自的特性決定的，也是學(xué)者們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。日美兩國政府債務(wù)問題在產(chǎn)生原因上有共同的特征，而兩國各自問題的誘發(fā)條件不同，表現(xiàn)形式也不同，，而由不同特性決定的對外影響以及解決途徑也存在差異。 本文由六個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。第1章為導(dǎo)論，闡明了選題背景及其理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，在文獻(xiàn)綜述部分分別介紹并分析了日美兩國各自政府債務(wù)問題的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，最后闡述了本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)及不足。 第二章分別敘述了日美兩國政府債務(wù)的演進(jìn)歷史，介紹了兩國政府債務(wù)問題的由來。第三章主要?dú)w納了日美兩國政府債務(wù)問題的共同點(diǎn)，并從外部環(huán)境、根本原因和制約因素幾方面進(jìn)行分析。第四章從誘發(fā)條件、表現(xiàn)形式、影響和解決途徑四個(gè)角度重點(diǎn)研究了日美兩國政府債務(wù)問題的不同點(diǎn)。 第五章討論日美兩國債務(wù)問題對我國的啟示，提出我國財(cái)政政策的改善建議，具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。最后的結(jié)論，簡要地歸納和總結(jié)了本文的研究成果。
[Abstract]:The warning of Europe's sovereign debt crisis has yet to be lifted, and Japan and the United States are not immune from the continuing global downturn. Japan has experienced two "lost years" of expansionary fiscal policy, and its government debt is growing. Although Japan's government debt is different from that of euro zone countries in crisis, a serious government debt crisis could break out in the future without fiscal reconstruction. The United States, the world's largest debtor, has also been living beyond its means in recent years. The 2011 S & P downgrade of the U.S. government debt rating and the outbreak of the "fiscal cliff" crisis at the end of 2012 both reflected the deterioration of its fiscal position. At the same time, the global capital markets have had a sharp impact. However, Japan and the United States' government debt problem, though thorny, has not evolved into a government debt crisis, as some euro zone countries do, determined by their respective characteristics of government debt and a focus of scholars. Japan and the United States have the same characteristics in the causes of the government debt problems, and the two countries have different induced conditions and different forms of their problems, and the external influence and solutions determined by different characteristics are also different. This paper consists of six parts. The first chapter is the introduction, which clarifies the background of the topic, its theoretical and practical significance, introduces and analyzes the relevant documents on the debt problems of Japan and the United States respectively in the part of literature review, and finally expounds the main innovation points and shortcomings of this paper. Chapter two narrates the evolution history of Japanese and American government debt, and introduces the origin of the two countries' government debt problem. The third chapter summarizes the common ground of Japanese and American government debt problems, and analyzes the external environment, root causes and constraints. The fourth chapter focuses on the differences between Japan and the United States in terms of induced conditions, forms, influences and solutions. The fifth chapter discusses the enlightenment of the debt problems of Japan and the United States to China, and puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of China's fiscal policy, which is of practical significance. Finally, the research results of this paper are summarized and summarized briefly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F813.13;F817.12

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