【摘要】：作為一種創(chuàng)新政策工具,政府技術(shù)采購可以充分發(fā)揮其供給側(cè)優(yōu)勢。在工業(yè)化程度較高的發(fā)達(dá)國家,政府技術(shù)采購占GDP的比例顯著,是商品與服務(wù)消費(fèi)需求中的重要組成部分;而在我國,政府技術(shù)采購雖然比重相對(duì)小些,但是它作為促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新政策目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可行手段,會(huì)逐漸成為不容忽視的供給側(cè)創(chuàng)新政策工具,有力地促進(jìn)著創(chuàng)新目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而,隨著政策的發(fā)展,其作用機(jī)制的兩面性也在逐漸凸顯。一方面,政府技術(shù)采購對(duì)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新積極性發(fā)揮著促進(jìn)作用,另一方面,政府技術(shù)采購又在實(shí)踐中遇到來自多方面的阻礙作用,使得政策的實(shí)施效果不顯著。既然是公共政策,政府技術(shù)采購難免在現(xiàn)實(shí)執(zhí)行過程中遇到各種各樣的困境,諸如政策的扭曲、政策的變形以及政策的消解等狀況。這么一來,不僅是政策促進(jìn)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)進(jìn)步難以實(shí)現(xiàn),甚至正常的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行秩序也會(huì)受到阻礙或干擾,政府技術(shù)采購的正效應(yīng)被削弱,過猶不及,甚至出現(xiàn)負(fù)面影響,這有違政策制定的初心。因此,當(dāng)務(wù)之急是研究政府技術(shù)采購的障礙問題。本文從政府技術(shù)采購的政策功能和作用機(jī)制出發(fā),從政府部門與供應(yīng)商的視角分析政府技術(shù)采購在執(zhí)行過程中被扭曲、變形甚至消解的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境與障礙因素,其結(jié)論將是對(duì)已有成果的補(bǔ)充與擴(kuò)展。此外,本文的研究來源于諸如執(zhí)行效率低、協(xié)調(diào)狀況差等現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,從采購主體、合作互動(dòng)和外部環(huán)境等方面辨識(shí)障礙因素,對(duì)找尋進(jìn)一步提高企業(yè)創(chuàng)新積極性的對(duì)策具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文在肯定政府技術(shù)采購作為創(chuàng)新政策工具的巨大潛力及明顯的重要性的基礎(chǔ)上,將著手于政府技術(shù)采購作為創(chuàng)新政策工具所面臨的阻礙研究。一方面,采用定性分析歸納總結(jié)諸如政府技術(shù)采購功能、公共政策障礙等重要理論,對(duì)政府技術(shù)采購政策的效益及其障礙進(jìn)行理論上的梳理與判定。另一方面,通過實(shí)證分析建立以政府技術(shù)采購政策促進(jìn)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新積極性的模型,并將政府技術(shù)采購政策執(zhí)行過程中可能遇到的障礙因素作為調(diào)節(jié)角色,全面分析各環(huán)節(jié)或各節(jié)點(diǎn)中所能碰到的障礙因素,通過問卷調(diào)查的方式研究政府技術(shù)采購的障礙因素,即對(duì)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)積極性起阻礙的因素,從而為深入探討政府技術(shù)采購對(duì)我國企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的阻礙因素提供實(shí)證基礎(chǔ)。通過以上理論和實(shí)證的分析,本文主要從采購主體障礙、合作互動(dòng)障礙以及外部環(huán)境障礙因素出發(fā),其中涵蓋宏觀認(rèn)知問題、流程規(guī)范阻力、采購人能力問題、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理阻力以及信息溝通阻力等方面的小點(diǎn),得到政府成為理性客戶的阻礙主要是采購主體障礙、合作互動(dòng)障礙、以及外部環(huán)境障礙因素。綜上,這些障礙是導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)新政策工具的實(shí)施效果不明顯的重要組成部分。對(duì)此,本文根據(jù)結(jié)果提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策與意見,供多方的決策者參考,其中包括注重協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制和政策組合的運(yùn)用、注重政策與外部技術(shù)周期的結(jié)合、提升采購參與方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理等能力,以及強(qiáng)化信息溝通與傳播等方面。
[Abstract]:As an innovative policy tool, government technology procurement can give full play to its supply-side advantages. In industrialized developed countries, government technology procurement accounts for a significant proportion of GDP and is an important part of the consumption demand for goods and services; while in China, government technology procurement, although a relatively small proportion, but as a promotion. However, with the development of the policy, the two sides of its mechanism are also gradually highlighted. On the one hand, government technology procurement plays a role in promoting the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation, on the other hand, government technology procurement plays a role in promoting the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation. Since it is a public policy, government technology procurement inevitably encounters various difficulties in the actual implementation process, such as policy distortion, policy distortion and policy resolution. Policies to promote enterprise innovation, technological progress is difficult to achieve, and even the normal economic order will be hindered or interfered with, the positive effect of government technology procurement is weakened, too late, or even negative impact, which is contrary to the original intention of policy-making. Therefore, the urgent task is to study the obstacles to government technology procurement. Starting from the policy function and function mechanism of technology procurement, this paper analyzes the practical dilemma and obstacles of government technology procurement in the process of implementation from the perspective of government departments and suppliers. It is of practical significance to identify the obstacles from the aspects of procurement subject, cooperation interaction and external environment to find countermeasures to further enhance the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation. On the one hand, it uses qualitative analysis to summarize the important theories such as government technology procurement function, public policy obstacles and so on, to sort out and judge the benefits and obstacles of government technology procurement policy theoretically. On the other hand, it establishes government technology through empirical analysis. The model of purchasing policy promoting enterprise's initiative to innovate takes the obstacles that may be encountered in the process of implementing government's technology procurement policy as a moderating role, comprehensively analyzes the obstacles that can be encountered in each link or node, and studies the obstacles of government's technology procurement through questionnaire survey, that is, the accumulation of enterprise's innovation activities. Through the above theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper focuses on the obstacles of procurement subject, cooperation and interaction as well as external environmental obstacles, which include macro-cognitive problems, process standardization resistance, and mining. The main obstacles to the government's ability to become a rational customer are procurement subject barriers, cooperation and interaction barriers, and external environmental barriers. According to the results, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for decision-makers in various fields, including paying attention to the application of coordination mechanism and policy combination, paying attention to the combination of policy and external technology cycle, improving the risk management ability of procurement participants, and strengthening information communication and dissemination.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F812.45

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