發(fā)布時間：2018-05-26 02:16

  本文選題：美國自由貿易協(xié)定 + 政府采購��； 參考：《西南政法大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球貿易自由化進程中，政府采購作為一種重要的貿易方式，必將成為國家間進行貿易談判的重要內容。美國是世界上較早實行政府采購制度的國家之一。其以國內完善的政府采購法律體系為基礎，通過對外締結雙邊協(xié)定或者加入多邊談判的方式擴大政府采購市場，試圖以此逐步消除各國保護國內產品與供應商、排斥外國競爭者的貿易壁壘。美國繼1985年與以色列簽訂FTA之后，又談判加入了一系列FTA，且均將政府采購規(guī)則納入其中，并以專章的形式對政府采購的主體、客體以及程序等內容作出較為詳盡的規(guī)定。中國在簽署FTA上已步入一個新高度，但目前中國對外簽訂的所有FTA均未包含政府采購規(guī)則，但隨著國際政府采購市場的不斷發(fā)展，有關這一規(guī)則的納入應該得到我國的重視。分析和掌握美國相關FTA中的政府采購規(guī)則對我國FTA戰(zhàn)略納入政府采購規(guī)則具有一定的借鑒意義。 本文將從以下五個部分對美國FTA中的政府采購規(guī)則進行研究，，主要內容如下： 第一部分：美國FTA中的政府采購規(guī)則概述。本部分的主要目的是了解美國FTA納入政府采購規(guī)則的原因，文章從GPA的局限性、美國的國家結構、政治意圖、經濟動因四個方面進行分析；之后作者在本部分介紹了美國FTA的歷史沿革，并根據其發(fā)展特點將其沿革劃分為三個階段，以期讓我們更清晰地了解美國FTA中政府采購規(guī)則發(fā)展的大致脈絡。 第二部分：美國FTA中的政府采購主體。通常情況下，美國FTA中政府采購的主體包含中央采購實體、次級中央實體與政府企業(yè)。因此，文章在本部分列舉并歸納了美國FTA這三類主體的內容，以其中具有代表性的NAFTA等為視角，并在此基礎上，分別對三類主體的規(guī)定進行評析。 第三部分：美國FTA中的政府采購客體。本部分從政府采購客體的范圍與政府采購客體的采購門檻兩方面對政府采購客體進行闡釋。美國FTA在采購客體范圍方面經歷了一定的發(fā)展與完善，包括采購客體范圍的形成與兩次補充。在采購門檻方面，雖然美國FTA中規(guī)定的采購門檻不盡一致，但也表現(xiàn)出一定的規(guī)律性。因此，本部分將結合表格的形式對美國部分FTA的采購門檻進行闡明和分析。 第四部分：美國FTA中的政府采購程序。有關程序性的規(guī)定是政府采購規(guī)則的核心內容。因此，本文在這一部分，也不吝筆墨。分別以美國FTA的招標程序、投標程序、合同授予程序、救濟程序這幾個政府采購過程中的重要程序為切入點，對美國FTA中的政府采購程序進行闡釋與分析。 第五部分：美國FTA對中國FTA戰(zhàn)略中政府采購規(guī)則的啟示。本部分首先分析中國已經具備了一定的將政府采購規(guī)則納入中國FTA戰(zhàn)略的條件；其次，提出了無論是從中國FTA的發(fā)展還是從保護本國供應商的角度來看，將政府采購規(guī)則納入中國FTA戰(zhàn)略是一項不可回避的議題；最后，文章提出了中國FTA戰(zhàn)略中納入政府采購規(guī)則的策略，包括：審慎選擇談判對象、循序漸進擴大政府采購主體、靈活界定政府采購客體、完善政府采購程序。
[Abstract]:In the process of Global trade liberalization, government procurement, as an important way of trade, will certainly become an important part of trade negotiations between countries. The United States is one of the countries in the world to carry out the system of government procurement earlier in the world. The United States, following the signing of FTA with Israel in 1985, has joined a series of FTA after signing FTA with Israel in 1985. The contents of the body, the object and the program are more detailed. China has entered a new height on the signing of the FTA, but at present, all the FTA signed by China does not contain the government procurement rules. However, with the continuous development of the international government procurement market, the inclusion of this rule should be paid attention to in our country. The government procurement rules related to FTA have certain reference significance for China's FTA strategy to be incorporated into the rules of government procurement.
This article will study the rules of government procurement in the US FTA from the following five parts. The main contents are as follows:
The first part: an overview of the government procurement rules in the American FTA. The main purpose of this part is to understand the reasons for the integration of American FTA into government procurement rules. The article analyzes the limitations of GPA, the national structure, political intention and economic motivation of the United States, and then the author introduces the historical evolution of the American FTA in this part and the basis of this part. The characteristics of its development are divided into three stages, with a view to let us have a clearer understanding of the general thread of the development of government procurement rules in the US FTA.
The second part: the main body of government procurement in American FTA. Under the circumstances, the main body of the government procurement in the FTA of the United States includes the central procurement entity, the secondary central entity and the government enterprise. Therefore, the article enumerates and sums up the contents of the three categories of the United States FTA, which is based on the representative NAFTA and so on, on this basis, The provisions of the three types of subjects are evaluated and analyzed respectively.
The third part: the object of government procurement in American FTA. This part explains the object of government procurement from the scope of the object of government procurement and the purchase threshold of the object of government procurement. The United States FTA has experienced a certain development and perfection in the scope of the procurement object, including the formation and the two replenishment of the scope of the purchase guest. On the threshold, although the procurement threshold stipulated in the US FTA is not consistent, it also shows a certain regularity. Therefore, this section will explain and analyze the purchasing threshold of some FTA in the United States in the form of the form.
The fourth part: the government procurement procedure in the FTA of the United States. The procedural provisions are the core of the government procurement rules. Therefore, this article is not stall in this part, and the important procedures of the procurement process of the government, such as the bidding procedure of the American FTA, the bidding procedure, the contract granting procedure and the relief program, are the breakthrough points. The process of government procurement in FTA is explained and analyzed.
The fifth part: the Enlightenment of American FTA on the government procurement rules in China's FTA strategy. This part first analyzes the conditions in which China has brought the government procurement rules into China's FTA strategy. Secondly, it puts forward that the government procurement rules will be included in the development of China's FTA or from the perspective of the protection of domestic suppliers. China's FTA strategy is an unavoidable issue. Finally, the article puts forward the strategy of integrating government procurement rules in China's FTA strategy, including careful selection of the object of negotiation, gradual expansion of the main body of government procurement, flexible definition of the object of government procurement, and the improvement of the process of government procurement.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F744;F817.12

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