本文選題：財政支出　切入點：就業(yè)效應　出處：《遼寧大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)是民生之本。目前,我國面臨的就業(yè)困境既有供求總量矛盾又有結構性問題,就業(yè)形勢異常嚴峻。發(fā)達市場經(jīng)濟國家的歷史實踐表明,單純依靠市場機制的力量來解決就業(yè)問題是不可能的。2008年1月《中華人民共和國就業(yè)促進法》的實施,標志著中國從法律層面確定了政府在擴大就業(yè)中的職責。2013年中國共產(chǎn)黨十八屆三中全會通過的《中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》中明確提出,建立經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和擴大就業(yè)的聯(lián)動機制,健全政府促進就業(yè)責任制度。這為未來的就業(yè)工作指明了方向。財政支出政策作為政府實施宏觀經(jīng)濟調(diào)控最重要的手段之一,其就業(yè)效應到底如何,怎樣才能充分發(fā)揮其在促進就業(yè)中的積極作用值得認真研究。論文主要內(nèi)容如下： 首先,在對國內(nèi)外有關財政支出政策與就業(yè)關系的研究文獻進行梳理的基礎上,分析了財政支出政策與就業(yè)的相關理論。在綜合考慮理論基礎、支出規(guī)模和數(shù)據(jù)可得性基礎上,選擇財政投資支出、財政教育支出、財政科技支出、財政社會保障支出和財政行政管理費支出作為財政支出政策變量的代表,分析了它們就業(yè)效應的作用機理,并提出了分析方法。 其次,對我國財政支出政策的就業(yè)效應進行實證分析。通過從促進就業(yè)的角度分析我國財政支出政策的演變,指出我國促進就業(yè)的財政支出政策經(jīng)歷了一個從被動適應到主動參與的過程。在實證分析方面,利用協(xié)整分析、動態(tài)響應分析和格蘭杰因果分析,實證檢驗了財政支出總額對就業(yè)總量和三次產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)量的影響以及財政支出結構對就業(yè)總量的影響。結果表明：(1)財政支出總額對長期就業(yè)總量效應不明顯,但在短期有正向影響。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值對長期就業(yè)總量有較大正向影響。工資水平并不是影響就業(yè)總量變化的原因,但就業(yè)總量變化能引起工資水平的變化。(2)長期上財政支出總額明顯抑制第一產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè),促進第二產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè),對第三產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)有較弱的抑制作用。(3)財政支出結構主要項目中只有財政教育支出對長期就業(yè)總量有較大正向影響,財政投資支出、財政科技支出、財政行政管理費支出和財政社會保障支出對長期就業(yè)總量都有負向影響。財政支出主要項目按促進就業(yè)作用大小排序依次為：財政教育支出、財政社會保障支出、財政投資支出、財政科技支出和財政行政管理費支出。 接下來,從就業(yè)增長與經(jīng)濟增長關系、就業(yè)結構變化和勞動力市場供求關系等方面對中國就業(yè)狀況進行了總體判斷,并從財政政策目標、財政投資領域、財政教育支出、財政科技支出、財政行政管理費支出和財政社會保障支出等方面分析了財政支出政策促進就業(yè)效果不明顯的原因。 最后,在原因分析基礎上,借鑒主要國家利用財政支出政策促進就業(yè)的經(jīng)驗,提出了建立經(jīng)濟增長與促進就業(yè)的聯(lián)動機制、財政支出政策側重經(jīng)濟結構調(diào)整、調(diào)整和優(yōu)化財政支出結構等對策與建議。
[Abstract]:Employment is the people's livelihood. At present, the employment difficulties faced by China is the total supply and demand contradictions and structural problems, the employment situation is very serious. The practice indicates that the history of the developed market economy country, simply rely on the market mechanism to solve the problem of employment is not possible in January.2008 "People's Republic of China Employment Promotion Law" implementation. Chinese marks from the legal level to determine the government is put forward in the expansion of employment.2013 duty years Chinese Communist Party in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee by the CPC Central Committee "on deepening reform of the overall number of major issues in the decision > the establishment of the economic development, and expanding employment linkage mechanism, perfecting the responsibility system of government to promote employment. It pointed out the direction for future employment one of the means of fiscal expenditure policy. As the government's implementation of macroeconomic regulation and control the most important, the employment effect how, how In order to give full play to its positive role in promoting employment, it is worth studying carefully. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
First of all, based on combing the research literature about the relationship between fiscal expenditure policy and employment at home and abroad, analyzes the related theory of fiscal expenditure policy and employment. In the comprehensive consideration of the theoretical basis, the scale of expenditure and the availability of data on the basis of selection of financial investment expenditure, education expenditure, the fiscal expenditure on science and technology, finance and society security expenditure and financial administrative expenses as a representative of the fiscal expenditure policy variables, analyzes the mechanism of their employment effects, and puts forward the analysis method.
Secondly, the empirical analysis on the employment effect of fiscal expenditure policy in our country. Through the analysis of the evolution of fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment of our country from the point of view, pointed out that China's fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment has undergone a process from passive adaptation to active participation. In the empirical analysis, using cointegration analysis, analysis Grainger analysis and causal dynamic response, empirical test of the impact of total fiscal expenditure on total employment and employment of the three industry and the structure of fiscal expenditure on total employment. The results showed that: (1) the total effect of fiscal expenditure on total employment period is not obvious, but has a positive impact on GDP is short-term. Positive impact on the long-term employment amount. The wage level is not the reason the total employment changes, but total employment changes can cause changes in the wage level. (2) the long-term total fiscal expenditure The amount of inhibition of first industry employment, to promote employment in the second industry, has a weak inhibitory effect on employment in the third industry. (3) the fiscal expenditure structure of major projects only fiscal expenditure on education has great positive impact on the long-term employment, financial investment expenditure, fiscal expenditure and fiscal, administrative expenses and financial expenditure on social security long term employment total fiscal expenditure has a negative impact. The main project according to the employment effect size in order are: education expenditure, social security expenditure, financial investment expenditure, fiscal expenditure and fiscal and administrative expenses.
Next, from the relationship between employment growth and economic growth, the change of employment structure and labor market supply and demand and other aspects of the overall judgment on the Chinese employment status, and from the goal of fiscal policy, financial investment, financial education expenditure, the fiscal expenditure on science and technology, finance and administration expenditure and fiscal expenditure on social security and other aspects of the fiscal expenditure policy to promote the employment effect is not obvious.
Finally, on the basis of cause analysis, we draw lessons from the experience of main countries using fiscal expenditure policy to promote employment, and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for establishing linkage mechanism between economic growth and employment promotion, focusing on economic structure adjustment, adjusting and optimizing financial expenditure structure.

【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.45;D669.2

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本文編號：1592415