發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-02 06:35

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 財(cái)政科技支出 財(cái)政支出效率 研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)　出處：《南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代生活中,科技對(duì)于人類(lèi)的幫助不言而喻,大到國(guó)計(jì)民生,小到衣食住行,科技無(wú)處不在,它存在于我們生活中的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,對(duì)人類(lèi)社會(huì)的發(fā)展有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響�？萍紝�(duì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展起著巨大的推動(dòng)作用,不僅體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)上,也反應(yīng)在社會(huì)整體的進(jìn)步上�？萍际堑谝桓�(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,世界各國(guó)都充分了解科技對(duì)本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、政治的影響力,對(duì)科技的依賴(lài)程度也日漸增多,因而各國(guó)都相繼增加科技支出,尋求區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展新的增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。不斷加大科技支出是解決科技進(jìn)步問(wèn)題的一方面,更重要的是如何轉(zhuǎn)變科技的發(fā)展方式。科技資金支出的規(guī)模要加大,科技支出的結(jié)構(gòu)也需要不斷的調(diào)整來(lái)適應(yīng)國(guó)際的發(fā)展形勢(shì),只有這樣才能謀求科技長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,在國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的舞臺(tái)上也更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。改革開(kāi)放三十多年來(lái),我國(guó)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到科技對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,所以不斷完善科技體制,著眼于科技的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,實(shí)施了科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略等一系列國(guó)策,不斷推動(dòng)國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新體系的建設(shè)。我國(guó)對(duì)于科技的支出規(guī)模也大大增加,不僅為我國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)和科研開(kāi)發(fā)事業(yè)提供了穩(wěn)固的資金保障,更為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展增添了新的活力。但是科技資金的大量投入并不一定能獲得相應(yīng)的收益,我國(guó)財(cái)政科技資金的投向結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,目標(biāo)定位不清晰,使用效率低下等問(wèn)題尚處于探索討論階段。這些問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重地制約著我國(guó)財(cái)政科技支出發(fā)揮其真正作用,不能很好的推動(dòng)我國(guó)科技進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)財(cái)政科技支出對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展影響還不夠顯著,對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型的幫助作用不大,弱化了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的能力。本文選取我國(guó)財(cái)政科技支出作為研究對(duì)象,并使用研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)作為比較指標(biāo),運(yùn)用比較分析法,定性分析法與定量分析法相結(jié)合的方法,從我國(guó)財(cái)政科技支出目標(biāo)定位研究出發(fā),對(duì)我國(guó)財(cái)政科技支出的規(guī)模,結(jié)構(gòu)等現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,然后對(duì)我國(guó)科技財(cái)政支出的效率進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析,并探究了我國(guó)科技支出對(duì)研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)支出規(guī)模的影響,從而指出我國(guó)財(cái)政科技支出存在的問(wèn)題,并和世界發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)國(guó)家的科技支出在規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)上都進(jìn)行了比較,結(jié)合發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家政府科技支出發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了完善我國(guó)財(cái)政科技支出的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In modern life, it is self-evident that science and technology help mankind, from the national economy to the people's livelihood, from food, clothing, housing and transportation, science and technology everywhere, it exists in all areas of our lives, It has a profound impact on the development of human society. Science and technology play a huge role in promoting social development, not only in economic construction, but also in the progress of society as a whole. Science and technology are the first competitive power. Every country in the world is fully aware of the influence of science and technology on its economy, military and politics, and its dependence on science and technology is also increasing day by day. As a result, all countries have increased their spending on science and technology one after another. Seeking new growth points for regional economic and social development. Increasing the expenditure on science and technology is one aspect of solving the problem of scientific and technological progress. More importantly, it is how to change the mode of development of science and technology. The scale of the expenditure on science and technology funds should be increased. The structure of science and technology expenditure also needs to be constantly adjusted to adapt to the international development situation. Only in this way can we seek the rapid development of science and technology, and have more advantages on the stage of international competition. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has gradually realized the impact of science and technology on the economy, so it has continuously improved the science and technology system, focused on the development and progress of science and technology, and implemented a series of national policies such as the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. We are constantly promoting the construction of the national independent innovation system. The scale of our expenditure on science and technology has also increased greatly, which not only provides a solid financial guarantee for our country's science and technology and scientific research and development undertakings, The economic and social development of our country has added new vitality. However, a large amount of investment in science and technology funds does not necessarily yield corresponding benefits. The investment structure of our country's financial science and technology funds is unreasonable, and the target orientation is not clear. Problems such as inefficient use are still in the stage of exploration and discussion. These problems seriously restrict our fiscal expenditure on science and technology to play its real role, and can not well promote the further development of science and technology in China. As a result, the financial expenditure on science and technology in our country has not had a significant impact on economic and social development, nor has it contributed much to the transformation of the economic structure of our country. This paper selects our country's finance science and technology expenditure as the research object, and uses the research and development funds as the comparative index, uses the comparative analysis method, the qualitative analysis method and the quantitative analysis method unifies the method. Based on the research on the target orientation of fiscal expenditure of science and technology in China, this paper analyzes the scale and structure of the expenditure of science and technology in our country, and then makes an empirical analysis on the efficiency of the expenditure of science and technology in China. It also probes into the influence of our country's science and technology expenditure on the scale of R & D expenditure, and points out the problems existing in our country's fiscal science and technology expenditure, and compares the scale and structure of our country's science and technology expenditure with that of the developed countries in the world. Based on the experience of the development of government science and technology expenditure in developed countries, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for perfecting our country's fiscal science and technology expenditure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F812.45

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