本文選題：生物柴油　切入點(diǎn)：餐廚廢棄油脂　出處：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界油價(jià)的增長(zhǎng)，能源短缺問(wèn)題日益突出，餐廚廢棄油脂以其制取生物柴油的用途越來(lái)越受到企業(yè)的重視，然而我國(guó)企業(yè)在實(shí)際中卻出現(xiàn)各種虧損情況。本文從食用油和餐廚垃圾兩個(gè)角度，評(píng)估出我國(guó)每年約產(chǎn)生270~750萬(wàn)噸WCO，卻只有三分之一進(jìn)行了規(guī)�；茫瑫r(shí)“十一五”期間生物柴油僅利用了50萬(wàn)噸，利用率不到一半。本文通過(guò)成本-利潤(rùn)-定價(jià)方法來(lái)解決生物柴油行業(yè)出現(xiàn)的WCO嚴(yán)重短缺、產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的困境，以開(kāi)發(fā)其巨大的潛力。 本文將WCO制取生物柴油的全生命周期流程分為收購(gòu)、生產(chǎn)和配送環(huán)節(jié)，對(duì)5萬(wàn)噸產(chǎn)能及20%利用率的生物柴油企業(yè)進(jìn)行算例分析，得到TDP-FR模式、CTMI模式和TDR模式的LCC依次增加、利潤(rùn)依次降低甚至虧損，原料的到廠成本占總成本的63%~72%，較大影響的是行業(yè)化學(xué)試劑成本；當(dāng)產(chǎn)能利用率低于20%、原材料的價(jià)格高于4275元/噸，，或者生物柴油的單價(jià)低于7027元/噸時(shí)，企業(yè)會(huì)出現(xiàn)虧損的情況。 考慮了在無(wú)法律約束、有國(guó)家政策獎(jiǎng)懲兩種情況下，非法小作坊和生物柴油企業(yè)之間的Stackelberg博弈，得到國(guó)家對(duì)生物柴油企業(yè)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)至少為1943元/噸或?qū)Ψ欠ㄐ∽鞣?.51倍的懲罰，而最好是對(duì)生物柴油企業(yè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)40倍（77720元/噸）時(shí)，即可達(dá)到約4470元/噸穩(wěn)定的收購(gòu)價(jià)格，同時(shí)生物柴油企業(yè)根據(jù)價(jià)格彈性來(lái)選擇和回收商的地位，才能夠使得生物柴油企業(yè)利于不敗之地，消除餐廚廢油回流餐桌的困擾。 針對(duì)生命周期成本高達(dá)7000元/噸、國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)懲對(duì)生物柴油的影響不夠總結(jié)為餐廚廢棄油脂的收運(yùn)體系不完善、獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制不完善、工藝技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)薄弱三方面，本文對(duì)此提出了嚴(yán)厲打擊非法競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、完善廢油收運(yùn)體系，選擇正確模式、增加財(cái)稅支持，加大研發(fā)力度三點(diǎn)建議。
[Abstract]:With the increase of oil price in the world, the problem of energy shortage is becoming more and more serious, and the waste oils and fats of cooking and cooking are paid more and more attention to by enterprises for their use in making biodiesel. However, the enterprises in our country have all kinds of losses in practice. From the point of view of cooking oil and kitchen garbage, this paper estimates that about 270 ~ 7.5 million tons of WCOs are produced annually in our country, but only 1/3 of them are used on a large scale. At the same time, only 500000 tons of biodiesel has been used during the 11th Five-Year Plan, and the utilization rate is less than half. This paper uses the cost-profit pricing method to solve the serious shortage of WCO and overcapacity in the biodiesel industry. To exploit its enormous potential. In this paper, the whole life cycle process of WCO production of biodiesel is divided into acquisition, production and distribution, and an example of biodiesel enterprises with 50,000 ton capacity and 20% utilization ratio is analyzed. The results show that the LCC of TDP-FR mode and TDR mode increase in turn. The cost of raw materials to the factory accounts for 63% of the total cost, which greatly affects the cost of chemical reagents in the industry. When the utilization ratio of production capacity is lower than 20 yuan, the price of raw materials is more than 4275 yuan per ton. Or when the unit price of biodiesel is less than 7027 yuan / ton, the company will lose money. Taking into account the Stackelberg game between illegal small workshops and biodiesel enterprises in the absence of legal restrictions and under the circumstances of national policy rewards and punishments, the state awards to biodiesel enterprises are at least 1943 yuan per ton or 0.51 times the punishment for illegal small workshops. And it is best to reward biodiesel companies 40 times as much as 77720 yuan per ton), and they can reach a stable purchase price of about 4470 yuan per ton, while biodiesel companies select and reclaim their status according to price elasticity. Only then can make the biodiesel enterprise advantageous to the invincible position, eliminates the kitchen waste oil to return to the table trouble. The cost of life cycle is as high as 7000 yuan per ton. The effects of national rewards and punishments on biodiesel are not summarized in the following three aspects: the collection and transportation system of waste oils and fats for cooking and cooking is not perfect, the mechanism of rewards and punishments is not perfect, and the technological basis is weak. In this paper, three suggestions are put forward, such as cracking down on illegal competition, perfecting the system of collecting and transporting waste oil, choosing the correct mode, increasing financial and tax support, and increasing the intensity of R & D.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F406.7;F426.72;F713.2

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