【摘要】：當(dāng)前,在我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民的消費(fèi)類型中,物質(zhì)型消費(fèi)需求已基本得到滿足,服務(wù)型消費(fèi)需求快速增長(zhǎng),消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)正在經(jīng)歷由傳統(tǒng)型向現(xiàn)代型、生存型向發(fā)展型、物質(zhì)型向服務(wù)型的升級(jí)。旅游消費(fèi)作為一種典型的現(xiàn)代型、發(fā)展型、服務(wù)型消費(fèi),受旅游者多元化、個(gè)性化的需求推動(dòng),也在不斷升級(jí)和創(chuàng)新,旅游者的需求已經(jīng)從“能不能”進(jìn)化到“好不好”,旅游消費(fèi)升級(jí)時(shí)代悄然來臨。在旅游消費(fèi)升級(jí)背景下,旅游企業(yè)不可避免地將面臨內(nèi)外部環(huán)境變化帶來的壓力和挑戰(zhàn),迎來越來越多不確定性。在這種背景下,旅游企業(yè)如何通過有效的組織變革,提升核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、爭(zhēng)取生存和發(fā)展,成為了不得不面對(duì)的重要現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。然而,學(xué)術(shù)界以“旅游消費(fèi)升級(jí)”或“消費(fèi)升級(jí)”為背景對(duì)旅游企業(yè)組織變革展開的研究目前尚不多見。本文在對(duì)相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理分析的基礎(chǔ)上,以南京市秦淮區(qū)夫子廟景區(qū)作為研究樣本,選取景區(qū)不同類型旅游企業(yè)作為重點(diǎn)研究對(duì)象,緊緊把握“旅游消費(fèi)升級(jí)-游客需求改變-景區(qū)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型-景區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)更新”和“旅游消費(fèi)升級(jí)-游客需求改變-企業(yè)目標(biāo)調(diào)整-企業(yè)組織變革”這兩條線索,系統(tǒng)梳理了夫子廟景區(qū)作為旅游企業(yè)的生存土壤,30多年來的發(fā)展變化;從內(nèi)因和外因兩方面入手,對(duì)景區(qū)旅游企業(yè)組織變革中存在的動(dòng)力和阻力進(jìn)行分析;綜合運(yùn)用交流訪談、資料查閱、比較研究等方法,分別從技術(shù)、戰(zhàn)略、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、人員和文化等四個(gè)方面對(duì)景區(qū)旅游企業(yè)組織變革存在的問題和變革方向展開分析,并提出相應(yīng)的組織變革策略建議。研究結(jié)論顯示:在旅游消費(fèi)升級(jí)背景下,景區(qū)旅游企業(yè)施行組織變革是一種必然選擇;外部環(huán)境是企業(yè)組織變革不能忽視的重要因素,景區(qū)旅游企業(yè)組織變革要順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流和所處環(huán)境;景區(qū)旅游企業(yè)在組織變革中存在方方面面的阻礙因素,想順利開展組織變革必須盡可能減少阻力增加動(dòng)力;景區(qū)旅游企業(yè)實(shí)施組織變革要從技術(shù)、戰(zhàn)略、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、人員和文化等方面入手,遵循科學(xué)合理的機(jī)制路徑。
[Abstract]:At present, among the consumption types of urban and rural residents in China, the material consumption demand has been basically satisfied, the service consumption demand has increased rapidly, and the consumption structure is experiencing a transformation from traditional type to modern type, to survival type to development type. The upgrading of material type to service type. Tourism consumption, as a typical modern, developmental, service-oriented consumption, is driven by the diversified and personalized needs of tourists, and is constantly upgrading and innovating. Tourists' needs have evolved from "can you or not" to "good"? The era of tourism consumption upgrading is coming quietly. Under the background of tourism consumption upgrading, tourism enterprises will inevitably face the pressure and challenge brought by the change of internal and external environment, and the more uncertainty will be ushered in. Under this background, how to improve the core competence and strive for survival and development of tourism enterprises through effective organizational change has become an important practical problem that has to be faced. However, the research on the organizational reform of tourism enterprises based on "tourism consumption upgrading" or "consumption upgrading" is still rare. On the basis of combing and analyzing the relevant research literature, this paper takes the Fuzi Temple scenic spot in Qinhuai District of Nanjing City as the research sample, and selects different types of tourism enterprises in the scenic spot as the key research objects. Firmly grasp the two clues of "tourist consumption upgrade-change of tourist demand-transformation of scenic area development-industrial renewal of scenic spot" and "upgrading of tourism consumption-change of tourist demand-adjustment of enterprise objective-change of enterprise organization". This paper systematically combs the development and change of Fuzimiao scenic spot as a tourist enterprise in the past 30 years. Starting from both internal and external factors, this paper analyzes the power and resistance existing in the organizational reform of tourism enterprises in scenic spots. Based on the methods of communication, interview, reference and comparative research, this paper analyzes the problems and direction of organizational reform of tourist enterprises in scenic spots from four aspects: technology, strategy, organizational structure, personnel and culture. And put forward the corresponding organizational change strategy recommendations. The conclusion shows that: under the background of tourism consumption upgrading, it is an inevitable choice to carry out organizational reform in tourism enterprises in scenic spots; The external environment is an important factor that can not be ignored in the organizational change of enterprises. The organizational change of tourist enterprises in scenic spots should conform to the trend of the times and the environment in which they live. There are many hindrance factors in the organizational change of scenic area tourism enterprises. If we want to carry out the organizational change smoothly, we must reduce the resistance and increase the motive force as far as possible. The implementation of organizational change in scenic tourism enterprises should start from the aspects of technology, strategy, organizational structure, personnel and culture, and follow a scientific and reasonable mechanism path.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F592.6

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