本文選題：產(chǎn)權(quán)理論 + 發(fā)展　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2017年政府工作報(bào)告指出,國企改革仍是今年的重點(diǎn)工作之一,國企混合所有制改革是結(jié)構(gòu)性供給側(cè)改革的主線。這說明國有企業(yè)改革的核心和主要內(nèi)容是國有產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的改革,而產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革當(dāng)然要有科學(xué)的產(chǎn)權(quán)理論作為依據(jù)。從我國理論界看,近年來對(duì)產(chǎn)權(quán)理論進(jìn)行了不少研究,也取得了不少成果,但還是有不少爭議,如產(chǎn)權(quán)的具體含義、產(chǎn)權(quán)制度類型及其選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、產(chǎn)權(quán)具體的組織形式以及如何建立現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)權(quán)制度等問題上,有諸多歧見。本文用歷史的視角,辯證地闡述了產(chǎn)權(quán)理論發(fā)展的不同階段。作為一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的理論體系,產(chǎn)權(quán)理論是從馬克思主義經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)誕生之后才有的,之后,新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)派對(duì)新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)進(jìn)行了一些修正,將產(chǎn)權(quán)納入其分析框架,形成了西方產(chǎn)權(quán)理論。本文先考察了馬克思主義產(chǎn)權(quán)理論的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展過程,詳細(xì)分析了不同階段馬克思有關(guān)產(chǎn)權(quán)思想的探索。其大體是從黑格爾的唯心哲學(xué)觀看待私有制轉(zhuǎn)向初步的唯物主義產(chǎn)權(quán)觀,再把對(duì)產(chǎn)權(quán)的研究從法學(xué)和哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)向經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域,進(jìn)而又在具體的社會(huì)歷史條件下對(duì)產(chǎn)權(quán)加深了認(rèn)識(shí),最后指出產(chǎn)權(quán)的真正本質(zhì)是體現(xiàn)在社會(huì)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系中的,它是社會(huì)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的總和,至此建立了產(chǎn)權(quán)分析的科學(xué)框架,并據(jù)此對(duì)資本主義私有制及其運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行深刻的分析和批判,提出了公有制代替私有制是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果,是分工發(fā)展的必然要求。相應(yīng)地,本文對(duì)西方產(chǎn)權(quán)理論的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展也進(jìn)行了追溯和梳理。古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為私有財(cái)產(chǎn)制度和自由放任的市場(chǎng)機(jī)制促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,但之后的新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家把私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的初始分配看成了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析前提而忽略了產(chǎn)權(quán)問題,由于新古典對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的解釋力太差,到20世紀(jì)30年代產(chǎn)權(quán)理論開始興起并形成,科斯的《企業(yè)的性質(zhì)》發(fā)表標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)代西方產(chǎn)權(quán)理論的系統(tǒng)提出,1960年他在《社會(huì)成本問題》中明確提出交易成本的概念,這本書的核心思想被后來的斯蒂格勒定義為科斯定理,科斯定理成為西方產(chǎn)權(quán)理論的核心,之后在科斯開辟的產(chǎn)權(quán)研究領(lǐng)域,一些西方學(xué)者又提出了現(xiàn)代企業(yè)理論和委托代理理論等。通過分析和對(duì)比馬克思主義產(chǎn)權(quán)理論和西方產(chǎn)權(quán)理論,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)馬克思產(chǎn)權(quán)理論的視角更廣,尤其是在揭示產(chǎn)權(quán)的本質(zhì)和宏觀層面產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的發(fā)展規(guī)律上勝于西方產(chǎn)權(quán)理論,而西方產(chǎn)權(quán)理論以提高經(jīng)濟(jì)績效為中心的產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利束配置的思想完全可以在改變私有制的前提下為我所用。我國是社會(huì)主義國家,必須要保證社會(huì)主義基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度,所以要堅(jiān)持公有產(chǎn)權(quán)的主體地位,同時(shí)引入多元產(chǎn)權(quán)主體,實(shí)現(xiàn)有效激勵(lì)和約束。國有企業(yè)可以發(fā)展由國有產(chǎn)權(quán)控股的混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì),形成多元化的產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu),提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率。國企產(chǎn)權(quán)改革還要加強(qiáng)核心性制度建設(shè)和支持性制度建設(shè),降低委托——代理成本,創(chuàng)造出一種競爭性的制度環(huán)境,盤活國有經(jīng)濟(jì),使國有企業(yè)更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和擔(dān)當(dāng)社會(huì)責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:The government work report in 2017 indicates that the reform of state-owned enterprises is still one of the key work of this year. The reform of the mixed ownership system of state-owned enterprises is the main line of structural supply side reform. This shows that the core and main content of the reform of state-owned enterprises is the reform of the state-owned property rights system, and the reform of the property right system should be based on the scientific property right theory. In the country's theoretical circle, many studies have been carried out on the theory of property rights in recent years, and many achievements have been made. However, there are still many disputes. There are many differences, such as the specific meaning of property right, the type of property right system and its selection criteria, the specific organization form of property right and how to establish the system of modern property rights. This paper expounds the different stages of the development of the theory of property rights. As a relatively complete theoretical system, the theory of property rights is only after the birth of Marx's economics. After that, new institutional economics has been revised to some new classical economics, and the property right is incorporated into its analytical framework and the western property rights theory has been formed. The process of the emergence and development of Marx's theory of property right is a detailed analysis of Marx's exploration of property rights in different stages. It is mainly from the idealism of Hagel's idealism to the initial materialist view of property rights, and then to the study of property rights from the field of law and philosophy to the field of economics, and then in particular. In the social and historical conditions, it deepened the understanding of property rights. Finally, it pointed out that the real essence of property right was embodied in the social production relationship. It was the sum of social production relations. At the point, the scientific framework of property right analysis was established. On this basis, the capitalist private system and its movement were deeply analyzed and criticized, and the public ownership was replaced by the private system. It is the inevitable result of the development of the productive forces and the inevitable requirement of the development of the division of labor. Accordingly, this article traces back and combs the emergence and development of the theory of western property rights. The classical economists believe that the private property system and the laissez faire market mechanism promote economic growth, but the new classical economists later put the initial private property. The initial distribution is regarded as the premise of economic analysis and neglects the problem of property rights. Because of the poor explanatory power of the neo classical to the real economy and society, the theory of property rights began to rise and form in 1930s. The character of Kos's "the nature of the enterprise" marks the system of modern western property theory. In 1960, he made sure that "the problem of social cost" was clearly mentioned. The concept of transaction cost, the core idea of this book was defined by later Stiegler as the Kos theorem, the Kos theorem became the core of the western property rights theory, and then in the field of property rights research opened by Kos, some western scholars have put forward the modern enterprise theory and the principal-agent theory. Through the analysis and comparison of Marx's property rights, some western scholars have analyzed and compared Marx's property rights. Theory and western property rights theory, it is not difficult to find that Marx's property right theory has a wider perspective, especially in the nature of property rights and the law of the development of property right system in the macro level, and the idea of the right bundle of property rights centered on the improvement of economic performance in western property rights theory can completely change private ownership. Under the premise, our country is a socialist country. We must guarantee the basic economic system of socialism. Therefore, we must adhere to the main position of public property rights, and introduce the subject of multiple property rights to achieve effective incentives and constraints. In order to improve economic efficiency, the reform of property rights of state-owned enterprises should also strengthen the construction of core system and support system, reduce the agency cost, create a competitive institutional environment, reactivate the state economy, and make the state-owned enterprises better economic benefits and responsibility for social responsibility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F276.1;F271

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