【摘要】：中國是一個幅員遼闊、人口眾多、白然資源稟賦分布呈現(xiàn)明顯區(qū)域差異的發(fā)展中農(nóng)業(yè)大國。金融是現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟的核心,而農(nóng)村金融作為我國金融體系的重要組成部分對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展具有舉足輕重的推動作用。然而,由于在我國廣袤的國土上,自然資源、人力資源、經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)、社會文化政治等的具體分布所表現(xiàn)出的明顯區(qū)域差異,以及白改革開放以來我國中央政府在不同時期所推行的區(qū)域化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略等造成了今日我國各區(qū)域間經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的差異,而農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展水平所表現(xiàn)出的區(qū)域差異便是這種差異的一種反映。本文在借鑒相關(guān)理論知識的基礎(chǔ)上,對當前我國農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的總體狀況進行了一個粗線條的分析,進而建立起農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展水平衡量指標體系對我國農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的區(qū)域差異展開詳細的分析,接著對造成這些差異的原因進行了有益的探析,以求尋找到能將我國農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展水平的區(qū)域差異控制在合理范圍內(nèi)的方法途徑。 一、本文的基本研究結(jié)論 1.農(nóng)村地區(qū)正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)總體規(guī)模區(qū)域差異多方位顯現(xiàn),人均金融資源配置區(qū)域差異明顯。文中基于我國縣及縣以下金融機構(gòu)網(wǎng)點分布情況、農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)存款余額、儲蓄存款余額、貸款余額、農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)網(wǎng)點覆蓋度及每萬名農(nóng)村居民擁有金融服務(wù)人員數(shù)量等方面的對比分析,我國東部、中部、西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村正規(guī)金融的發(fā)展水平差距明顯,東部地區(qū)上述指標顯著高于中、西部地區(qū)。如2010年農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)貸款余額,東部地區(qū)為62005億元,中、西部地區(qū)分別僅為19544億元和24800億元�；谵r(nóng)村金融相關(guān)比率(RFIR)指標的分析,省級行政區(qū)域農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展水平籌異明顯。2005-2009年間,廣東省農(nóng)村金融相關(guān)比率均值為5.12,為全國最高水平：2009年廣東省農(nóng)村金融相關(guān)比率達到了歷史新高的5.97,居全國之最,顯著高于中、西部各省份農(nóng)村金融相關(guān)比率。人均存貸款指標的比較得出,東部地區(qū)人均存貸款數(shù)額遠遠超過中西部地區(qū),差距仍有不斷擴大的趨勢。 2.農(nóng)村金融體系內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)展空間結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)域差距顯著。我國農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)在組織結(jié)構(gòu)上區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡,欠發(fā)達地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)組織形式單一,金融服務(wù)能力和對農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展支持力度嚴重不足；農(nóng)村金融體系內(nèi)部控制機制,特別是農(nóng)業(yè)保險體系、信貸準入門檻和信貸審批權(quán)限存在著明顯的由東至西的保障力度漸弱、門檻抬高、審批權(quán)限上收額度縮小的態(tài)勢：由于不同地域間農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)各異,自然環(huán)境不同,自然資源察賦差異極大,各種因素基本呈現(xiàn)出由東向西漸差的形勢分布,導(dǎo)致東、中、西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融體系風險防控能力區(qū)域差異明顯。2010年我國三大區(qū)域農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)網(wǎng)點數(shù)量、從業(yè)人員數(shù)、機構(gòu)覆蓋度、從業(yè)人員分布密度均呈現(xiàn)出由東至西漸差的態(tài)勢分布。 3.農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展效率區(qū)域差異明顯�；诖尜J差的效率分析,我國縣域及縣以下農(nóng)村區(qū)域都是處于存差的狀態(tài),沒有貸差的省級行政區(qū)域出現(xiàn),并且存差余額是由東至西逐漸遞減的。基于存貸款比率的分析,我國東、中、西部地區(qū)存貸款比率均達到了60%以上,實際中差距不是很明顯,我國大部分省級行政區(qū)域農(nóng)村地區(qū)均能實現(xiàn)信貸資金的自給。基于作為衡量金融機構(gòu)自身運行效率的貸款發(fā)放與回收情況指標的分析,我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)金融機構(gòu)的運行效率區(qū)域差異十分明顯。2009年中部地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融機構(gòu)貸款發(fā)放余額和貸款回收率分別為32086億元與94.24%,均為三大地帶之首,東部地區(qū)次之,西部地區(qū)墊底。 4.造成我國農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展區(qū)域差異的影響因素具有多樣性。農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展區(qū)域差異受農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展區(qū)域不平衡性影響突出。由于歷史的、自然地理區(qū)位的和區(qū)域性發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略及政策支持傾向等綜合因素影響,我國的東部、中部、西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平呈現(xiàn)由東向西漸低的態(tài)勢分布,農(nóng)村金融作為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平差異的一個外在表現(xiàn)形式顯現(xiàn)出突出的區(qū)域發(fā)展差異特征。我國自上而下的農(nóng)村金融制度強制性供給變遷及大一統(tǒng)的制度供給,并沒有考慮農(nóng)村地區(qū)微觀經(jīng)濟主體的金融需求實際,造成“一刀切”的制度供給總會有水土不服的地方,進而造成一些農(nóng)村地區(qū)存在金融抑制,農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展水平區(qū)域差異存在便不足為奇。不同地區(qū)金融生態(tài)環(huán)境的差異及政府行為對金融發(fā)展的行政性干預(yù)導(dǎo)致不同區(qū)域農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展存在著明顯差異。 二、本文提出的政策建議 1.營造農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟增長和金融發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系環(huán)境。我國農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展區(qū)域差異是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡性的反映,農(nóng)村金融區(qū)域發(fā)展與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟區(qū)域增長有著明顯的雙向動因關(guān)系。在保持宏觀經(jīng)濟政策的邊續(xù)性和一貫性條件下,通過加快農(nóng)村地區(qū)特別是經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達的農(nóng)村地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟貨幣化、市場化和商品化進程,從而能為農(nóng)村金融的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境。加快促進具有地區(qū)比較優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)業(yè)進行產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級,從而能形成對金融資源尤其是資金資源更強的吸引力,逐步建立起以市場機制為基礎(chǔ),政府引導(dǎo)、參與的金融資源協(xié)調(diào)配制機制。 2.實施整體制度框架下的差別化金融政策供給優(yōu)化農(nóng)村金融區(qū)域發(fā)展。當前我國農(nóng)村金融制度的供給是以政府為主導(dǎo)的自上而下的強制性制度變遷供給,并未充分考慮農(nóng)村微觀經(jīng)濟主體的實際金融需求,制度供給與需求的錯何導(dǎo)致有限金融資源的流通路徑遭到扭曲。因此,因地制宜地實施差別化金融政策就顯得十分重要。對于東部經(jīng)濟金融發(fā)展比較充分的農(nóng)村地區(qū),應(yīng)主要依靠商業(yè)和合作金融的力量來滿足相應(yīng)的金融需求；對于欠發(fā)達的中西部農(nóng)村地區(qū),相比商業(yè)性金融的高融資成本、高融資門檻和復(fù)雜的審批程序以及商業(yè)性金融機構(gòu)基于風險考慮而不愿涉足中西部農(nóng)村地區(qū)相關(guān)金融業(yè)務(wù)的實際,充分利用政策性金融才是明智之舉。 3.運用體現(xiàn)區(qū)域差異的農(nóng)村金融工具,協(xié)調(diào)農(nóng)村金融區(qū)域發(fā)展。、當前我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)金融機構(gòu)金融工具單一,所能夠承載的金融服務(wù)量相當有限,其滿足農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟主體金融需求的能力比較薄弱。運用體現(xiàn)區(qū)域差異的農(nóng)村金融工具,能夠在一定程度上調(diào)節(jié)農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的區(qū)域差異,從而推動農(nóng)村地區(qū)盡早實現(xiàn)區(qū)域金融的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。如針對東、中、西部地區(qū)的實際情況實施差別化的存款準備金率和再貼現(xiàn)率等政策,將有效改善和調(diào)節(jié)各地區(qū)的貨幣信貸活動和流通中的貨幣量。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country with a vast territory, a large population and an obvious regional difference in the distribution of resources. Finance is the core of the modern economy. As an important part of our financial system, rural finance plays an important role in promoting the development of the rural economy and society. The obvious regional differences in the distribution of natural resources, human resources, economic foundation, social culture and politics, as well as the regional development strategy carried out by the central government in different periods since the reform and opening to the outside world, have caused the differences in the level of economic development among the various regions of our country today, and the rural financial development. The regional difference is a reflection of this difference. On the basis of the relevant theoretical knowledge, this paper makes a rough analysis of the overall situation of the current rural financial development in China, and then sets up the regional differences in the measurement index system of the rural financial development level to the rural financial development of our country. In order to find a way to control the regional differences in the level of rural financial development in a reasonable range, the detailed analysis is carried out and the reasons for these differences are discussed.
First, the basic research conclusions of this paper
1. the regional differences in the overall scale of the formal financial institutions in rural areas are manifested in various directions, and the regional differences in the allocation of financial resources per capita are obvious. In this paper, the distribution of the financial institutions in China and the county and county, the balance of deposit, the balance of savings deposits, the balance of the loan, the coverage of the network of rural financial institutions and every ten thousand rural residents With the comparative analysis of the number of financial service personnel, the development level gap of rural formal finance in the eastern, central and western regions of China is obvious. The above indexes in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the western region. In the western region, the loan balance of the rural financial institutions in 2010, the eastern region of 62005 billion yuan, and the western region were only 19544 billion yuan and 248 respectively. 00 billion yuan. Based on the analysis of the rural financial related ratio (RFIR) index, the rural financial development level in the provincial administrative region was obviously raised in the period of.2005-2009, the rural financial related ratio in Guangdong province was 5.12, which was the highest level in the country. In 2009, the rural financial related ratio of Guangdong province reached a new high of 5.97, which was the most significant in the country. In the middle, the rural financial related ratio in the western provinces and the comparison of the per capita deposit and loan index shows that the amount of the per capita deposit and loan in the eastern region is far more than the central and western regions, and the gap is still expanding.
2. the regional gap between the internal structure and the development space structure of the rural financial system is significant. The regional development of the rural financial institutions in our country is unbalanced in the organizational structure, the organizational form of the rural financial institutions in the less developed areas is single, the financial service ability and the support for the economic development in the rural areas are strictly insufficient; the internal control mechanism of the rural financial system is the internal control mechanism In particular, the agricultural insurance system, the credit access threshold and the credit examination and approval authority have the obvious weakness from the east to the west, the threshold is higher, the approval authority is reduced, because the rural economic base of different regions is different, the natural environment is different, the difference of natural resources is very great, and the various factors are basically presented. The distribution of the trend from east to West leads to the regional differences in risk prevention and control in the rural financial system in East, middle and western regions. The number of rural financial institutions in the three major regions of China, the number of employees, the coverage of institutions and the distribution density of the employees in the three major regions of China have been distributed from the east to the West.
3. there are obvious regional differences in the efficiency of rural financial development. Based on the efficiency analysis of the loan difference, the rural areas under the county and county level in our country are in the state of storage difference, the provincial administrative region without the loan difference appears, and the balance balance is gradually decreasing from the East to the West. Based on the analysis of the ratio of deposit and loan ratio, the deposit and loan ratio in the East, middle and western regions of China The rate has reached more than 60%, the actual gap is not very obvious, most of the provincial administrative regions in China can realize the self-sufficiency of credit funds. Based on the analysis of the loan issuance and recovery index of the operational efficiency of the financial institutions, the regional differences in the operational efficiency of the financial institutions in the rural areas of our country are very obvious. In 2009, the loan balance and loan recovery rate of the rural financial institutions in the central region were 32086 billion yuan and 94.24% respectively, both of which were the first in the three regions, the second in the eastern region and the bottom in the western region.
4. the factors affecting the regional differences in rural financial development in China are diverse. The regional differences in rural financial development are affected by the regional imbalance in the development of rural economic development. Due to historical, geographical location and regional development strategy and policy support tendency, the influence of comprehensive factors, the eastern, central and Western regions of China The level of village economic development shows a trend from the east to the west, and the rural finance, as an external manifestation of the difference in the level of rural economic development, shows prominent regional development differences. The compulsory supply change of the top-down rural financial system and the system supply of the great unity are not taken into consideration in the rural areas. The actual financial demand of the main body of the economy makes the supply of the "one size fits all" institutional supply always have a place of discomfort, which leads to the existence of financial restraining in some rural areas. The regional differences in the level of rural financial development are not surprising. The differences in the financial ecological environment in different regions and the administrative intervention of the government behavior to the financial development There are obvious differences in rural financial development in different regions.
Two, the policy proposals put forward in this paper
1. to create a harmonious relationship between rural economic growth and financial development. The regional differences in rural financial development reflect the imbalance of rural economic development, and there is a clear bidirectional motivation relationship between rural financial regional development and rural economic growth. The economic monetization, marketization and commercialization of rural areas, especially in rural areas which are economically underdeveloped, can create a good economic environment for the development of rural finance and accelerate the promotion of industrial structure upgrading with regional comparative advantages, thus forming a stronger attraction to financial resources, especially capital resources. Efforts should be made to gradually establish a financial resource coordination and preparation mechanism based on market mechanism, government guidance and participation.
2. the differential financial policy under the framework of the whole system is provided to optimize the development of the rural financial region. The supply of the rural financial system in China is the supply of the government oriented top-down compulsory institutional change, which does not fully consider the actual financial needs of the rural microeconomic subjects, and the mistakes of the supply and demand of the system lead to the development of the rural financial system. The way to limit the circulation of financial resources is distorted. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the differential financial policy according to local conditions. For the rural areas with sufficient economic and financial development in the East, we should mainly rely on the power of commercial and cooperative finance to meet the corresponding financial needs; for the underdeveloped rural areas of the Midwest, the comparison business is compared. The high financing cost, the high financing threshold and the complex examination and approval procedure and the commercial financial institutions are not willing to dabble in the related financial business in the rural areas of the central and western regions. It is wise to make full use of the policy finance.
3. the rural financial instruments which reflect the regional differences are used to coordinate the development of rural financial areas. At present, the financial instruments of the financial institutions in rural areas of our country are single, the amount of financial services they can carry is quite limited, and the ability to meet the financial needs of the economic subjects in the rural areas is relatively weak. To a certain extent, we can adjust the regional differences in rural financial development to a certain extent, so as to promote the coordinated development of regional finance in the rural areas as soon as possible. For example, the implementation of the differential reserve ratio and rediscount rate will effectively improve and regulate the monetary and credit activities and circulation in the regions. The amount of money.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.3

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