本文關鍵詞： 地方政府規(guī)章制定 公眾參與 實效性 改進建議　出處：《上海交通大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：政府規(guī)章制定過程中的公眾參與,既是一個古老的話題,又是一個常說常新的話題。得益于政治層面的認同、市場經濟的發(fā)展、公民社會的培養(yǎng)和學術理論的推動,公眾參與已然成為一種社會需求、并取得一定社會共識。在這樣的背景下,本文選取了與已有研究成果相區(qū)別的視角,一是運用公共管理領域的有關理論和模型,從而區(qū)別于以往更多地從政治學或法學的角度開展的研究;二是更注重立足于地方政府規(guī)章制定中的公眾參與實踐,在分析并承認實踐中存在的問題和困惑的前提下,試圖找尋現對策、提出建議,以期結論更具針對性、實效性,使得這一話題的研究具有現實意義。為此,本文的研究,首先沿著是什么、為什么、怎么樣的思路,對相關的基本理論做了整理和闡述,對文中所用的地方政府規(guī)章、公眾參與等概念做了限定,對參與式民主和行政民主理論做了歷史性回顧,并借助對階梯理論和有效決策模型的介紹,說明了理論層面對于應該怎樣開展公眾參與的觀點和認識。公眾參與在我國也已有了一定的實踐,形成了一批制度,探索了一批做法,積累了一些經驗,也暴露了一些問題。文章通過實證研究,梳理了我國有關地方政府規(guī)章制定中的公眾參與的制度規(guī)范,分類描述了其中有關地方政府規(guī)章立項、起草、審查決定等環(huán)節(jié)的制度規(guī)范,聽證制度的相關規(guī)定,以及與公眾參與相關的配套制度的內容;重點研究了上海市政府規(guī)章制定工作中,就規(guī)章草案向社會公開征求意見和召開立法聽證會這兩類公眾參與的具體實踐,以大量實證數據為支撐,量化描述了公眾參與的信息基礎、過程保障和實質體現的真實情況。在理論鋪陳和實證研究的基礎上,本文嘗試對我國地方政府規(guī)章制定中的公眾參與實踐做出診斷。為此,文章首先確立了評判的標準,也即公眾參與的應有功能和有效性問題。通過研究學術理論上和政策制度上對于公眾參與應有功能的界定和預設,總結了公眾參與的核心功能——民主在不同階段、不同層面的若干具體表現,并從公眾的收效和政府的收效兩個角度做了列舉。圍繞公眾參與功能的實現,分析了公眾有效參與的要件,提出了不同角度的評判標準和影響因素,并簡要分析了其深層次原因。以前文的實證分析為依據,對照公眾參與應有功能和有效性的研究結論,文章從參與主體、操作規(guī)則、參與渠道和方式,以及保障機制等方面列舉了我國在地方政府規(guī)章制定中的公眾參與實踐方面存在的一些問題和不足,簡要分析了上述問題的存因,并以相關理論模型為參考,結合我國實際,在政府自身更新理念、提升技能,政府對公眾加強培養(yǎng)和扶助,以及完善制度、創(chuàng)新方式等不同角度和層面提出了具體的改進建議。
[Abstract]:Public participation in the process of making government regulations is not only an old topic, but also a topic that is often said to be new. Thanks to political recognition, the development of market economy, the cultivation of civil society and the promotion of academic theory, Public participation has become a kind of social demand and has gained a certain social consensus. Under this background, this paper chooses the different angle of view from the existing research achievements. One is to use the relevant theories and models in the field of public management. This is different from the previous research from the angle of political science or law, and the second is to pay more attention to the practice of public participation based on the local government regulations, under the premise of analyzing and acknowledging the problems and puzzles existing in the practice. This paper tries to find the present countermeasures and put forward some suggestions, in order to make the conclusion more pertinent and effective, so that the research on this topic has practical significance. For this reason, the research of this paper first follows the ideas of what, why and what, The relevant basic theories are summarized and expounded, the concepts of local government regulations and public participation used in this paper are limited, and the theories of participatory democracy and administrative democracy are reviewed historically. With the introduction of ladder theory and effective decision-making model, this paper explains the viewpoint and understanding of how to carry out public participation in the theoretical level. Public participation has also been practiced in China and formed a number of systems. It explores a number of practices, accumulates some experiences, and exposes some problems. Through empirical research, the article combs the system norms of public participation in the formulation of local government regulations in China. The classification describes the rules and regulations of the local government, drafting, examining and deciding, and the relevant provisions of the hearing system, as well as the contents of the supporting system related to public participation. Focusing on the specific practice of public participation in the process of making regulations of the Shanghai Municipal Government, such as soliciting public opinions on the draft regulations and holding legislative hearings, supported by a large number of empirical data, This paper quantitatively describes the information basis of public participation, the process guarantee and the real situation embodied in substance. On the basis of theoretical presentation and empirical research, this paper attempts to diagnose the practice of public participation in the formulation of local government regulations in China. This paper first establishes the criterion of evaluation, that is, the problem of the function and effectiveness of public participation. By studying the definition and presupposition of the function of public participation in academic theory and policy system, This paper summarizes the core function of public participation-some concrete manifestations of democracy at different stages and different levels, and enumerates it from two angles of public effect and government effect. This paper analyzes the elements of effective public participation, puts forward the evaluation criteria and influencing factors from different angles, and briefly analyzes the deep-seated reasons. Based on the empirical analysis in the previous paper, the conclusions of the research on the function and effectiveness of public participation are compared. This paper enumerates some problems and shortcomings in the practice of public participation in the formulation of local government regulations in China from the aspects of the main body of participation, the operational rules, the channels and ways of participation, as well as the safeguard mechanism, etc. This paper briefly analyzes the causes of the above problems, and with the reference of relevant theoretical models, combines the reality of our country, in the government itself to update the concept, upgrade skills, the government to strengthen the training and assistance to the public, as well as improve the system, Innovative ways and other different angles and levels of specific suggestions for improvement.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D621.5

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本文編號：1544030