發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-27 14:51

【摘要】：中國制造業(yè)、建筑業(yè)等勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)依靠大量廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力資源在國際上有很高的比較優(yōu)勢。從改革開放以來，大量的建設(shè)工程開始興起，建筑業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。作為典型的勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，建筑產(chǎn)業(yè)吸引了大批的農(nóng)村進(jìn)城務(wù)工的剩余勞動(dòng)力。這些廉價(jià)的農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力支撐了建筑業(yè)和中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展。然而，勞動(dòng)力的大量、廉價(jià)的優(yōu)勢在近幾年開始發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。人工價(jià)格逐年上漲，勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)人工供給不足。隨著勞動(dòng)力價(jià)格的上漲，人工工資的提高，工人的缺乏，建筑企業(yè)開始意識(shí)到廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力的優(yōu)勢已經(jīng)開始減弱。人工費(fèi)在建設(shè)工程直接費(fèi)中所占的比例逐年升高，但人工工資的提高卻并沒有帶來充足的勞動(dòng)力資源，施工現(xiàn)場仍存在招工難，缺工嚴(yán)重的情況。為了能夠幫助建筑企業(yè)解決人工成本上漲帶來的一系列問題，本文從尋找引起人工成本上漲的影響因素入手，量化指標(biāo)變量，建立回歸模型，準(zhǔn)確的找到人工成本變動(dòng)的影響因素。以影響因素為依據(jù)，分析未來人工成本變動(dòng)的趨勢，并為企業(yè)提出合理應(yīng)對(duì)的措施建議。 首先，本文以重慶市為例，全面調(diào)查了建設(shè)工程人工成本的現(xiàn)狀。從勞動(dòng)力供需情況、勞動(dòng)力基本素質(zhì)、人工工資、建筑工地工作環(huán)境、人工費(fèi)總體變動(dòng)情況等方面入手，進(jìn)行了大量的問卷調(diào)查和訪談。從全面的調(diào)查中，，認(rèn)清了目前人工成本變動(dòng)的情況，產(chǎn)生的影響，并結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)及專家訪談，得出了引起人工成本變動(dòng)的影響因素。 為了進(jìn)一步明確這些因素對(duì)人工成本的影響，本文通過量化因素指標(biāo)，通過建立向量自回歸模型(Vector Auto Regression-VAR)模型，對(duì)識(shí)別出的要素進(jìn)行實(shí)證，準(zhǔn)確找出人工成本變動(dòng)的影響因素。結(jié)合實(shí)證得出的影響因素，對(duì)人工成本未來的變動(dòng)趨勢做出預(yù)測和分析，并為企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)人工成本未來的變動(dòng)提出合理的措施建議。 本文采用定性與定量研究相結(jié)合的方法，在全面了解實(shí)際的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用理論模型，用指標(biāo)和模型將影響因素與研究目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系清晰化。旨在能夠?yàn)榻ㄖ袠I(yè)及企業(yè)的發(fā)展，提供有效的建議。
[Abstract]:China's manufacturing, construction and other labor-intensive industries rely on a large number of cheap labor resources in the international comparative advantage. Since the reform and opening up, a large number of construction projects began to rise, the construction industry flourished. As a typical labor-intensive industry, the construction industry attracts a large number of rural migrant workers in the surplus labor force. These cheap rural surplus labor support the construction industry and the rapid development of China's economy. However, the large and cheap advantages of labor have begun to shift in recent years. The labor price rises year by year, the labor-intensive industry appears the labor supply insufficiency. With the rise of labor prices, the increase of labor wages and the lack of workers, construction enterprises began to realize that the advantage of cheap labor has begun to weaken. The proportion of labor cost in the direct cost of construction project increases year by year, but the increase of labor wage does not bring enough labor resources, and there are still some difficulties in recruiting workers and serious lack of work at the construction site. In order to help construction enterprises solve a series of problems caused by the rise of labor cost, this paper starts with looking for the influencing factors of labor cost rise, quantifies the index variables, establishes regression model, and accurately finds out the influencing factors of labor cost change. Based on the influencing factors, this paper analyzes the trend of labor cost change in the future, and puts forward some reasonable measures and suggestions for enterprises to deal with it. First of all, taking Chongqing as an example, this paper comprehensively investigates the present situation of labor cost of construction project. A large number of questionnaires and interviews were carried out from the aspects of labor supply and demand, basic quality of labor force, labor salary, working environment of construction site, overall change of labor cost and so on. From the comprehensive investigation, this paper recognizes the current situation of labor cost change and the impact, and combined with the literature and expert interviews, obtains the influencing factors of labor cost change. In order to further clarify the impact of these factors on labor cost, this paper through quantitative factor indicators, through the establishment of vector autoregression model (Vector Auto Regression-VAR) model, the identified elements are empirically identified, and accurately find out the influencing factors of labor cost change. Combined with the influencing factors, this paper forecasts and analyzes the future changing trend of labor cost, and puts forward some reasonable measures and suggestions for enterprises to deal with the future change of labor cost. In this paper, the method of qualitative and quantitative research is used, the theoretical model is used on the basis of comprehensive understanding of reality, and the relationship between influencing factors and research objectives is clarified by index and model. The purpose of this paper is to provide effective suggestions for the development of construction industry and enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU723.3

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