不同加載方式下巖石斷裂面形貌的多尺度分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-13 08:30
【摘要】：為了實現(xiàn)從巖石斷裂結(jié)構(gòu)面的形貌特征來反推巖石形變和斷裂的力學行為和力學機理,本論文研究了巖石在不同加載方式下巖石斷裂結(jié)構(gòu)面的形貌特征差異。本論文均采用巖石力學試驗中的典型試驗—巴西劈裂試驗,分別對直徑為112mm,厚度為28mm、直徑為50mm,厚度為20mm的花崗巖巴西圓盤以及直徑為50mm,厚度為25mm的大理巖和砂巖巴西圓盤進行巴西劈裂試驗。首先,由MTS (Mechanics Testing Systems)機分別對巴西圓盤試件進行不同速率的加載至斷裂失穩(wěn)；其次,先由MTS機將圓盤加載至斷裂強度閾值的1/2、2/3、3/4大小,再將圓盤沿圓盤所在的平面繞中心順時針旋轉(zhuǎn)30°或45。角(自定義為：預(yù)加載轉(zhuǎn)角30°或45。),繼而加載至斷裂失穩(wěn)。最后,自定義了巖石斷裂面上中心剖線的法向量的方向角和偏態(tài)系數(shù)的概念,以及對所采集的數(shù)據(jù),利用幾種先進的數(shù)學模型,如數(shù)理統(tǒng)計、小波分析和分形理論,進行分析和研究,從而得出如下結(jié)論： 1)花崗巖試件中心剖線上法向量的角度分布具有明顯的尺度效應(yīng),即隨著測量尺度的增大,法向量的方向角數(shù)據(jù)樣本的分布越來越接近于正態(tài)分布； 2)花崗巖試件中心剖線的偏態(tài)系數(shù)也具有明顯的尺度效應(yīng),當測量尺度越小時,其偏態(tài)系數(shù)越大,說明中心剖線的粗糙度越偏離自定義的標準粗糙度。再者,偏態(tài)系數(shù)的改變對靜載范圍內(nèi)加載速率變化的敏感性并不明顯,說明數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法在檢測巖石斷裂面粗糙度的變化對靜載范圍內(nèi)速率改變的敏感性方面,效果并不十分明顯； 3)由小波分析中的模極大法自定義能量算法和信噪比,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)自定義能量、信噪比和分形變差法均能表現(xiàn)出對試件的預(yù)加載轉(zhuǎn)角的差異性,即未轉(zhuǎn)角試件的能量和信噪比分別大于預(yù)加載轉(zhuǎn)角試件的能量和信噪比,而未轉(zhuǎn)角試件的分形變差卻小于預(yù)加載轉(zhuǎn)角試件的分形變差,但在對加載速率的敏感性方面,分形變差法顯得比模極大法更為明顯,即在靜載范圍內(nèi),加載速率越大,巖石斷裂面的分形變差越大； 4)試件在預(yù)加載轉(zhuǎn)角前所受的平均斷裂閾值的1/2、2/3、3/4的載荷,致使圓盤試件內(nèi)部造成了一定程度的損傷,并產(chǎn)生一定量的微裂隙。這一結(jié)論基本否定了先前部分研究人員所認定的結(jié)果,即巖石只有在斷裂破壞失穩(wěn)的瞬間才受到嚴重損傷而進發(fā)出大量能量； 5)在同一加載方式下,大理巖的分形變差大于砂巖的分形變差,表明大理巖斷面的粗糙程度較砂巖的更大,并且大理巖斷面的粗糙度變化對預(yù)加載角度改變的敏感性比砂巖更為明顯,即改變同樣的預(yù)加載角度,大理巖分形變差的變化程度比砂巖分形變差的變化程度更大； 6)從純數(shù)學角度,進行了分形插值函數(shù)模型的研究,揭示了分形插值函數(shù)的分數(shù)階積分是閉域上的連續(xù)函數(shù)以及分形插值函數(shù)的分數(shù)階積分仍然是分形插值函數(shù)的事實。為在后繼研究中,試圖將分形插值函數(shù)的分數(shù)階微積分應(yīng)用于巖石斷裂面的形貌研究打下堅實的理論基礎(chǔ),并盡可能發(fā)現(xiàn)其實際應(yīng)用背景。
[Abstract]:In order to reverse the mechanical behavior and the mechanical mechanism of the rock deformation and fracture from the characteristics of the surface of the rock fracture, this paper studies the difference of the morphology of the rock fracture surface under different loading conditions. In this paper, a typical experiment in rock mechanics test is used to test the Brazilian split test for the Brazilian disc with a diameter of 112 mm, a thickness of 28 mm, a diameter of 50 mm, a thickness of 20 mm, and a marble and sandstone Brazilian disc with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm. First, the MTS (tics Testing Systems) machine is used to load the different rates of the Brazilian disc test pieces to the fracture instability respectively; secondly, the disc is loaded to the 1/2,2/3,3/4 of the breaking strength threshold by the MTS machine, and then the disc is rotated by 30 degrees or 45 clockwise about the plane where the disc is located. Angle (defined as: pre-load angle of 30 擄 or 45) ), which in turn is loaded to the fracture instability. Finally, the concept of the direction angle and the bias coefficient of the method vector of the central section line on the fracture surface of the rock is defined, and several advanced mathematical models, such as mathematical statistics, wavelet analysis and fractal theory, are used to analyze and study the collected data, so as to obtain the following conclusion: 1) The angular distribution of the method vector on the center of the center of the granite test piece has the obvious scale effect, that is, with the increase of the measurement scale, the distribution of the data samples in the direction of the method vector is more and more close to the normal point. 2) The deviation coefficient of the center section line of the granite test piece also has obvious scale effect. When the measurement scale is small, the larger the deviation coefficient, the more the roughness of the center section line deviates from the customized standard. Moreover, the sensitivity of the change of the bias coefficient to the change of the loading rate in the static load range is not obvious, and the effect of the mathematical statistics method in the detection of the change of the roughness of the rock fracture surface to the rate change of the static load range is not obvious. 3) The energy algorithm and the signal-to-noise ratio are defined by the method in the wavelet analysis. The study shows that the self-defined energy, the signal-to-noise ratio and the differential deformation method can show the pre-loading of the test piece. The difference of the angle is that the energy and the signal-to-noise ratio of the non-rotating test piece are larger than the energy and the signal-to-noise ratio of the pre-loaded corner test piece respectively, while the differential deformation difference of the non-corner test piece is smaller than that of the pre-loaded corner test piece, but the deformation difference method is more than the modulus in terms of the sensitivity to the loading rate. The method is more obvious, that is, in the static load range, the larger the loading rate, the score of the fracture surface of the rock the larger the deformation difference;4) the load of 1/2,2/3,3/4 of the average fracture threshold value of the test piece at the pre-loading angle, causing a certain degree of damage to the inside of the disc test piece, and generating The conclusion is that the rock can only be seriously damaged at the moment of failure and failure of the rock. A large amount of energy is sent;5) in the same loading mode, the deformation of the marble is poor. The difference of the deformation of the sandstone is larger than that of the sandstone, which indicates that the roughness of the section of the marble is larger than that of the sandstone, and the sensitivity of the change of the roughness of the marble section to the change of the pre-loading angle is more obvious than that of the sandstone, that is, the change In the same pre-loading angle, the variation of the differential deformation of the marble is lower than that of the sandstone. A greater degree of variation;6) from a pure mathematical point of view. The study of the fractal interpolation function model reveals that the fractional order integral of the fractal interpolation function is a continuous function on the closed domain and the fractional order integral of the fractal interpolation function In the follow-up study, the fractional-order calculus of the fractal interpolation function is used to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the study of the morphology of the fracture surface of the rock.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU45
本文編號：2439231
[Abstract]:In order to reverse the mechanical behavior and the mechanical mechanism of the rock deformation and fracture from the characteristics of the surface of the rock fracture, this paper studies the difference of the morphology of the rock fracture surface under different loading conditions. In this paper, a typical experiment in rock mechanics test is used to test the Brazilian split test for the Brazilian disc with a diameter of 112 mm, a thickness of 28 mm, a diameter of 50 mm, a thickness of 20 mm, and a marble and sandstone Brazilian disc with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 25 mm. First, the MTS (tics Testing Systems) machine is used to load the different rates of the Brazilian disc test pieces to the fracture instability respectively; secondly, the disc is loaded to the 1/2,2/3,3/4 of the breaking strength threshold by the MTS machine, and then the disc is rotated by 30 degrees or 45 clockwise about the plane where the disc is located. Angle (defined as: pre-load angle of 30 擄 or 45) ), which in turn is loaded to the fracture instability. Finally, the concept of the direction angle and the bias coefficient of the method vector of the central section line on the fracture surface of the rock is defined, and several advanced mathematical models, such as mathematical statistics, wavelet analysis and fractal theory, are used to analyze and study the collected data, so as to obtain the following conclusion: 1) The angular distribution of the method vector on the center of the center of the granite test piece has the obvious scale effect, that is, with the increase of the measurement scale, the distribution of the data samples in the direction of the method vector is more and more close to the normal point. 2) The deviation coefficient of the center section line of the granite test piece also has obvious scale effect. When the measurement scale is small, the larger the deviation coefficient, the more the roughness of the center section line deviates from the customized standard. Moreover, the sensitivity of the change of the bias coefficient to the change of the loading rate in the static load range is not obvious, and the effect of the mathematical statistics method in the detection of the change of the roughness of the rock fracture surface to the rate change of the static load range is not obvious. 3) The energy algorithm and the signal-to-noise ratio are defined by the method in the wavelet analysis. The study shows that the self-defined energy, the signal-to-noise ratio and the differential deformation method can show the pre-loading of the test piece. The difference of the angle is that the energy and the signal-to-noise ratio of the non-rotating test piece are larger than the energy and the signal-to-noise ratio of the pre-loaded corner test piece respectively, while the differential deformation difference of the non-corner test piece is smaller than that of the pre-loaded corner test piece, but the deformation difference method is more than the modulus in terms of the sensitivity to the loading rate. The method is more obvious, that is, in the static load range, the larger the loading rate, the score of the fracture surface of the rock the larger the deformation difference;4) the load of 1/2,2/3,3/4 of the average fracture threshold value of the test piece at the pre-loading angle, causing a certain degree of damage to the inside of the disc test piece, and generating The conclusion is that the rock can only be seriously damaged at the moment of failure and failure of the rock. A large amount of energy is sent;5) in the same loading mode, the deformation of the marble is poor. The difference of the deformation of the sandstone is larger than that of the sandstone, which indicates that the roughness of the section of the marble is larger than that of the sandstone, and the sensitivity of the change of the roughness of the marble section to the change of the pre-loading angle is more obvious than that of the sandstone, that is, the change In the same pre-loading angle, the variation of the differential deformation of the marble is lower than that of the sandstone. A greater degree of variation;6) from a pure mathematical point of view. The study of the fractal interpolation function model reveals that the fractional order integral of the fractal interpolation function is a continuous function on the closed domain and the fractional order integral of the fractal interpolation function In the follow-up study, the fractional-order calculus of the fractal interpolation function is used to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the study of the morphology of the fracture surface of the rock.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU45
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