【摘要】：我國(guó)幅員遼闊，建筑氣候區(qū)劃分跨越了熱、溫、寒等氣候帶，加上較強(qiáng)大陸性氣候特征，對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村住宅氣候適應(yīng)性提出較高要求。然而，當(dāng)前鄉(xiāng)村住宅存在著：缺乏地域氣候適應(yīng)性考慮，能耗過(guò)高和傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村住宅急速消逝的現(xiàn)狀。改變現(xiàn)狀，借鑒傳統(tǒng)住宅的氣候適應(yīng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，研究鄉(xiāng)村住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性，是有意義的探索。 主要研究了鄉(xiāng)村住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性演變規(guī)律和地域差異，探尋一條需要把握其氣候適應(yīng)性發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，考慮地域地區(qū)其氣候適應(yīng)性異同，憑借鄉(xiāng)村新舊住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性的實(shí)踐案例驗(yàn)證，構(gòu)建鄉(xiāng)村住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性理論認(rèn)知和推進(jìn)其實(shí)踐設(shè)計(jì)的可持續(xù)鄉(xiāng)村住宅發(fā)展的道路。 首先，對(duì)氣候、鄉(xiāng)村、住宅空間等概念進(jìn)行了闡釋，初步概括了鄉(xiāng)村住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性表現(xiàn)。其次，采用演繹歸納的研究方法，研究了北京四合院。在不同農(nóng)業(yè)時(shí)代的背景下，從平面組合到空間形式再到建構(gòu)技術(shù)，論述其氣候適應(yīng)下四合院從“雛形——成熟——轉(zhuǎn)變”地演變過(guò)程，分析其空間形態(tài)演變、參數(shù)因子，構(gòu)建了鄉(xiāng)村住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性理論認(rèn)知的第一個(gè)層面：氣候適應(yīng)性是逐步適應(yīng)、成熟的過(guò)程。再次，采用對(duì)比分析的研究方法，研究了黨家村和西遞村。在地域地區(qū)氣候條件差異下，從平面組合、空間形式和建構(gòu)技術(shù)等三個(gè)方面，分析空間氣候適應(yīng)的地域氣候參數(shù)、氣候特征參數(shù)以及基本宅院熱環(huán)境舒適性，構(gòu)建了鄉(xiāng)村住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性理論認(rèn)知的第二個(gè)層面：氣候適應(yīng)具有自身生成機(jī)制規(guī)律。最后，結(jié)合銀川堿富橋?qū)嶒?yàn)住宅實(shí)踐案例，通過(guò)對(duì)新舊鄉(xiāng)村住宅調(diào)研、驗(yàn)證了住宅空間氣候適應(yīng)性的差異，，從理論認(rèn)知推進(jìn)到實(shí)踐設(shè)計(jì)。希望，能為當(dāng)前鄉(xiāng)村住宅的研究和實(shí)踐提供參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:Our country has a vast territory and the architectural climate zone has crossed the climatic zones such as heat, temperature and cold, together with strong continental climatic characteristics, which puts forward higher requirements for the climate adaptability of rural housing. However, there are some problems in rural housing: lack of regional climate adaptability, high energy consumption and rapid disappearance of traditional rural housing. It is a meaningful exploration to change the present situation, learn from the experience of climate adaptation of traditional housing, and study the spatial climate adaptability of rural housing. This paper mainly studies the evolution law and regional difference of spatial climate adaptability of rural housing, and explores a way to grasp the development of climate adaptability and consider the similarities and differences of climate adaptability in regional areas. Based on the practical case study of the spatial climate adaptability of the new and old rural residential buildings, the paper constructs the theoretical cognition of the spatial climate adaptability of rural housing and the road of sustainable rural housing development which can promote its practical design. Firstly, the concepts of climate, countryside and residential space are explained, and the adaptability of rural residential space is preliminarily summarized. Secondly, the research method of deductive induction is used to study the Beijing quadrangle. Under the background of different agricultural times, from plane combination to spatial form to construction technology, this paper discusses the evolution process of siheyuan from "embryonic form-mature-transformation" to its climatic adaptation, and analyzes its spatial morphological evolution and parameter factors. The first level of the theory cognition of spatial climate adaptability of rural residence is constructed: climate adaptability is a process of gradual adaptation and maturity. Thirdly, Dangjia Village and Xifu Village are studied by comparative analysis. Under the difference of regional climatic conditions, the regional climatic parameters, climatic characteristic parameters and thermal comfort of the basic house yard are analyzed from three aspects: plane combination, spatial form and construction technology. The second level of the theory cognition of spatial climate adaptability of rural residence is constructed: climate adaptation has its own generating mechanism. Finally, based on the practical case of Yinchuan Jifuqiao experimental residence, through the investigation of new and old rural housing, the difference of residential spatial climate adaptability is verified, from theoretical cognition to practical design. Hope, can provide reference and reference for the current rural housing research and practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.4;TU119.5

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