【摘要】：湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居建筑凝聚著湘西土家族居民長期積累下來的生活習(xí)俗、民族性格和文化意識，但隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居營造技藝長期缺乏關(guān)注和保護(hù)，承載著土家族歷史及民族精神的“活化石”正在逐漸消弭。本人通過對湘西地區(qū)的實(shí)地調(diào)研，分別從湘西地區(qū)的民俗文化、地貌環(huán)境、歷史發(fā)展等方面深入研究土家族傳統(tǒng)民居，以期幫助湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居的營造技藝，進(jìn)行更好的傳承與保護(hù)。 本文通過調(diào)查、挖掘、提煉和保存那些在特定的自然環(huán)境、社會文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)、生活習(xí)俗等客觀條件下創(chuàng)造出來的，與之相適應(yīng)的傳統(tǒng)民居的某些原則、觀念、工藝等營造技藝及歷史資料，為湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居營造技藝的傳承與保護(hù)提供依據(jù)和借鑒。全文第一章確立選題，明確研究目的、意義及重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)等問題。第二章通過對湘西地區(qū)的民俗文化、生態(tài)因素、民居的類型及演變過程進(jìn)行概述研究，明確湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居的形成和演變過程是由湘西地區(qū)特有的民居文化和生態(tài)因素所決定。第三章針對湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居營造現(xiàn)狀和問題進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，目前土家族傳統(tǒng)民居破壞嚴(yán)重，營造技藝面臨“失傳”，同時當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袼枷霚�，保護(hù)意識淡薄，加之法制不健全，導(dǎo)致傳承人得不到相應(yīng)的物質(zhì)或精神權(quán)益。第四章對湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居營造前期工作、營造流程及特點(diǎn)以及營造儀式進(jìn)行分析。第五章通過對當(dāng)代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑和傳統(tǒng)民居營造技藝的對比、民居營造技藝在當(dāng)代建筑中的運(yùn)用，以及對民居營造技藝保護(hù)傳承提出實(shí)施建議，并進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析。 綜上所述，本文按照理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的研究思路，，對湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居的生態(tài)環(huán)境、現(xiàn)狀問題、技藝研討進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究，主要體現(xiàn)在：（1）不僅僅停留在環(huán)境、歷史、文化、空間形態(tài)等方面，而是將傳統(tǒng)民居的營造技藝落到實(shí)處，從營造制度、使用工具、選材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、構(gòu)件加工、拼接方式、儀式制度等方面對湘西土家族傳統(tǒng)民居進(jìn)行研究。（2）提出民居營造技藝保護(hù)與傳承的實(shí)施建議，同時對民居營造技藝在當(dāng)代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中的運(yùn)用進(jìn)行分析，為土家族傳統(tǒng)民居營造技藝與保護(hù)傳承提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The traditional residential buildings of Tujia nationality in western Hunan have condensed the custom, national character and cultural consciousness accumulated by Tujia people for a long time, but with the rapid development of social economy, The traditional residence construction technique of Tujia nationality in western Hunan lacks attention and protection for a long time, and the "living fossil" carrying Tujia nationality history and national spirit is gradually eliminated. Through the field investigation of Xiangxi area, I have studied the Tujia traditional residence from the aspects of folk culture, geomorphological environment, historical development and so on, in order to help the building technique of the Tujia traditional residence in the west of Hunan. Carry on better inheritance and protection. Through investigation, excavation, extraction and preservation of certain principles and concepts of traditional houses created under the objective conditions of the specific natural environment, social culture, economy and technology, living customs, etc., The construction techniques and historical data provide the basis and reference for the inheritance and protection of the traditional residence construction techniques of Tujia nationality in western Hunan. The first chapter establishes the topic, the research purpose, the significance and the key and difficult problems and so on. The second chapter is an overview of the folk culture, ecological factors, types and evolution of houses in western Hunan. The formation and evolution of Tujia traditional houses in western Hunan are determined by the unique cultural and ecological factors. The third chapter analyzes and summarizes the present situation and problems of the construction of Tujia traditional houses in western Hunan. At present, the traditional Tujia houses are seriously damaged, the construction skills are faced with "lost", and the local residents' thinking lags behind, and the consciousness of protection is weak. In addition, the legal system is not perfect, leading to the inheritance of material or spiritual rights and interests. The fourth chapter analyzes the construction process and characteristics of Tujia traditional residence in western Hunan. The fifth chapter through the contemporary wooden structure architecture and the traditional residential building construction technology contrast, the folk residence construction technique in the contemporary architecture application, as well as the folk residence construction skill protection inheritance proposed the implementation proposal, and carries on the example analysis. To sum up, according to the combination of theory and practice, this paper makes a systematic study on the ecological environment, current situation and skills of Tujia traditional houses in Xiangxi, which are mainly reflected in: (1) not only in the environment, but also in the history. In terms of culture, space form and so on, the construction techniques of traditional houses are put into practice, from the construction system, the use of tools, the selection of materials, the processing of components, the way of splicing, The ritual system and other aspects of the Tujia traditional residence in Xiangxi were studied. (2) put forward the implementation of the protection and inheritance of the building construction skills, and at the same time, analyze the application of the building technology in the contemporary wooden structure architecture. For Tujia traditional residence construction skills and protection of heritage to provide a reference basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU253

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