【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)巖石力學(xué)建立在唯象理論基礎(chǔ)上,不能完全解釋巖石破壞的機(jī)理,也不能再現(xiàn)巖石的非線性力學(xué)特征；建立在傳統(tǒng)巖石力學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)上的有限元方法也不能合理地模擬巖石中的裂紋擴(kuò)展等與廣義時(shí)間相關(guān)的漸進(jìn)破壞過程。隨著巖土工程向更高、更深方向發(fā)展,一些新的非線性的力學(xué)現(xiàn)象的研究不可避免,巖石力學(xué)的發(fā)展出現(xiàn)前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。從巖石細(xì)觀機(jī)制出發(fā),綜合細(xì)觀力學(xué)、斷裂力學(xué)、損傷力學(xué)以及統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)的研究成果,重新審視巖石的本構(gòu)關(guān)系,顯得十分必要。 本文從巖石顯微觀察結(jié)果出發(fā),推導(dǎo)了微裂紋在持續(xù)張拉加載條件下的裂紋擴(kuò)展長(zhǎng)度與遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)力增量的關(guān)系,將其引入多層次非平衡統(tǒng)計(jì)理論,以斷裂概率為損傷變量,將巖石細(xì)觀力學(xué)機(jī)制與宏觀損傷過程統(tǒng)一起來(lái),建立了跨尺度的巖石張拉損傷演化本構(gòu)方程。利用滑動(dòng)裂紋模型,推導(dǎo)了壓縮條件下翼裂紋擴(kuò)展的等效遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)拉應(yīng)力,將壓縮條件下的損傷演化統(tǒng)一到張拉損傷演化方程,同時(shí)也獲得了材料劈裂破壞判據(jù)。 隨后對(duì)本文得出的本構(gòu)關(guān)系內(nèi)稟的尺度參數(shù)及巖石材料的強(qiáng)度尺寸效應(yīng)律進(jìn)行了研究,認(rèn)為本文獲得的本構(gòu)方程具備巖石材料基本的宏觀力學(xué)特征；研究了初始損傷對(duì)應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線的影響,得出本文推廣模型與考慮材料初始損傷對(duì)應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線的影響效果是一致的結(jié)論。 為了建立巖石漸進(jìn)破壞的計(jì)算方法,將損傷演化方程嵌入彌散裂縫模型來(lái)建立滿足斷裂能守恒的單元破壞準(zhǔn)則,研究并證實(shí)了雙標(biāo)量損傷模型與單標(biāo)量損傷模型在本文的研究中是等效的,從而驗(yàn)證了張拉損傷與剪切損傷的同步性,也對(duì)彈脆性模型實(shí)現(xiàn)裂紋擴(kuò)展的方法進(jìn)行了合理解釋。為考慮初始裂隙的力學(xué)特征,建立了隱含貫通粗糙節(jié)理的等效裂縫模型,用于計(jì)算工程巖體中本已存在的節(jié)理裂隙的影響,以避免實(shí)體模型的建模困難。 最后在以上研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過實(shí)例建立了斷續(xù)節(jié)理巖體等效力學(xué)參數(shù)的測(cè)定方法,通過對(duì)斷續(xù)節(jié)理巖體進(jìn)行加卸載數(shù)值試驗(yàn),研究其破壞模式、強(qiáng)度條件及強(qiáng)度參數(shù)。研究結(jié)果顯示,本文方法獲得的工程巖體的等效力學(xué)參數(shù)比工程巖體分類的傳統(tǒng)方法獲得的強(qiáng)度參數(shù)要高30%-50%。
[Abstract]:The traditional rock mechanics is based on phenomenological theory, which can not fully explain the failure mechanism of rock, nor can it reproduce the nonlinear mechanical characteristics of rock. The finite element method, which is based on the traditional rock mechanics theory, can not reasonably simulate the progressive failure process such as crack propagation and generalized time dependent in rock. With the development of geotechnical engineering towards higher and deeper direction, the study of some new nonlinear mechanical phenomena is inevitable, and the development of rock mechanics presents unprecedented challenges. It is necessary to re-examine the constitutive relations of rocks from the point of view of meso-mechanics, fracture mechanics, damage mechanics and statistical mechanics. Based on the microscopic observation of rock, the relationship between the crack propagation length and the far field stress increment under the condition of continuous tensile loading is deduced, and the fracture probability is taken as the damage variable by introducing it into the multilevel non-equilibrium statistical theory. By unifying the mesomechanical mechanism of rock with the macroscopic damage process, the constitutive equation of rock tensile damage evolution across scales is established. Using the sliding crack model, the equivalent far-field tensile stress of wing crack propagation under compression condition is derived. The damage evolution under compression condition is unified to the tensional damage evolution equation, and the splitting failure criterion is also obtained. Then the intrinsic scale parameters of the constitutive relation and the strength and size effect law of rock material are studied. The constitutive equation obtained in this paper has the basic macroscopic mechanical characteristics of rock material. The effect of initial damage on stress-strain curve is studied. It is concluded that the generalized model is consistent with the effect of considering material initial damage on stress-strain curve. In order to establish the calculation method of progressive failure of rock, the damage evolution equation is embedded into the dispersive fracture model to establish the element failure criterion which satisfies the conservation of fracture energy. It is proved that the double scalar damage model and the single scalar damage model are equivalent in this paper, which verifies the synchronism of tensile damage and shear damage, and gives a reasonable explanation for the method of crack propagation in elastic brittle model. In order to consider the mechanical characteristics of the initial fracture, an equivalent fracture model is established, which can be used to calculate the influence of the existing joints and fractures in engineering rock mass, so as to avoid the difficulty of modeling the solid model. Finally, on the basis of the above research results, the method of measuring the equivalent mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass is established through an example, and the failure mode, strength condition and strength parameters of intermittent jointed rock mass are studied by means of loading and unloading numerical test of intermittent jointed rock mass. The results show that the equivalent mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass obtained by this method are 30 to 50 higher than those obtained by traditional method of engineering rock mass classification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU45

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