發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-02 17:33

【摘要】：隨著建筑節(jié)能要求的提高，建筑密閉性越來(lái)越好。北方地區(qū)的農(nóng)村住宅，沒(méi)有集中供暖系統(tǒng)，而是依靠室內(nèi)非清潔能源的燃燒來(lái)供暖。這導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)空氣污染嚴(yán)重，大大地影響了室內(nèi)人員的健康。 本文以改善北方地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅供暖季室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)為主要目的，對(duì)其供暖季的通風(fēng)方式進(jìn)行研究。由于北方地區(qū)供暖期間室外氣溫很低的客觀條件，以及考慮居民的經(jīng)濟(jì)承受能力，基于這些考慮，確立了以室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)、室內(nèi)熱舒適、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、噪聲為指標(biāo)的多指標(biāo)綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系�；谒⒌脑u(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，利用多指標(biāo)綜合評(píng)價(jià)中常用的層次分析法對(duì)不用的權(quán)重排序下各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重取值方案進(jìn)行了計(jì)算，獲得了19種不同方案下各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重值。 根據(jù)對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系中各指標(biāo)的考慮，對(duì)北方地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅供暖季使用的通風(fēng)方式進(jìn)行了總結(jié)分析。針對(duì)生火（燃燒秸稈）后廚房和臥室污染物濃度急劇上升的現(xiàn)象，對(duì)這段時(shí)間不同通風(fēng)方式下的廚房排煙和臥室通風(fēng)進(jìn)行了模擬研究，得到對(duì)應(yīng)室內(nèi)污染物濃度場(chǎng)、溫度場(chǎng)、流場(chǎng)等。 對(duì)廚房排煙的模擬結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，廚房采用氣窗+引風(fēng)機(jī)的方式與廚房依靠滲風(fēng)+煙囪自然排煙兩種排煙方式相比，在秸稈燃燒結(jié)束時(shí)，廚房?jī)?nèi)的CO、PM2.5濃度分別為1.89mg/m3、0.05mg/m3和3.84mg/m3、0.78mg/m3，兩者的CO濃度都滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值，而PM2.5只有采用氣窗+引風(fēng)機(jī)的方式才滿足要求。 對(duì)臥室通風(fēng)的模擬結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于所模擬的3種通風(fēng)方式，排污效果最好的是開(kāi)啟兩個(gè)窗扇進(jìn)行通風(fēng)。在廚房秸稈燃燒過(guò)程結(jié)束時(shí)，它所對(duì)應(yīng)的室內(nèi)CO和PM2.5濃度分別為2.72mg/m3、0.13mg/m3。其中PM2.5濃度不滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值要求，說(shuō)明所模擬的幾種臥室通風(fēng)方式只能起到降低室內(nèi)污染物濃度的作用。 利用模擬數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合計(jì)算得到的19種不同權(quán)重取值方案對(duì)所模擬的3種廚房排煙方式和3種臥室通風(fēng)方式的綜合評(píng)價(jià)值進(jìn)行計(jì)算。結(jié)果顯示，對(duì)廚房的3種排煙方式，，如果認(rèn)為室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)更重要，那么排煙方式氣窗+引風(fēng)機(jī)更好，如果認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)性更重要，那么采用滲風(fēng)+煙囪自然排煙更好。而對(duì)臥室的3種通風(fēng)方式，如果認(rèn)為室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)更重要，那么開(kāi)兩扇窗通風(fēng)更好，如果認(rèn)為室內(nèi)熱舒適更重要，那么采用滲透通風(fēng)更好。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of building energy conservation requirements, building sealing is getting better and better. Rural homes in the north do not have central heating systems, but rely on the burning of indoor non-clean energy. This leads to serious indoor air pollution, greatly affecting the health of indoor personnel. The main purpose of this paper is to improve indoor air quality of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season. Because of the objective conditions of very low outdoor temperature during heating in the northern region and the consideration of the residents' affordability, based on these considerations, the indoor air quality, indoor thermal comfort, and economy have been established. The index system of multi-index comprehensive evaluation based on noise. Based on the established evaluation index system, this paper calculates the weight selection scheme of each index under the order of unneeded weights by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is commonly used in multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and obtains the weight values of each evaluation index under 19 different schemes. Based on the consideration of each index in the evaluation index system, the ventilation modes of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season are summarized and analyzed. Aiming at the phenomenon that pollutant concentration in kitchen and bedroom increased sharply after burning straw, the smoke exhaust and bedroom ventilation of kitchen under different ventilation modes during this period were simulated, and the corresponding indoor pollutant concentration field and temperature field were obtained. Flow field, etc. The simulation results of smoke exhaust in kitchen show that the air window fan is used in the kitchen and the CO, in the kitchen is compared with that in the kitchen by the natural exhaust of the chimney. At the end of the straw burning, the CO, in the kitchen is found to be in the kitchen. The PM2.5 concentration is 1.89 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 05 mg / m ~ 3 and 3.84 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 78 mg / m ~ (3) respectively. The CO concentration of both meets the standard limit, while the PM2.5 can only meet the requirements by using the air window induced fan. The simulation results of bedroom ventilation show that for the three simulated ventilation modes, the best drainage effect is to open two window sashes for ventilation. At the end of kitchen straw burning, the indoor CO and PM2.5 concentrations were 2.72 mg / m ~ (3) and 0.13 mg / m ~ (3), respectively. The concentration of PM2.5 does not meet the standard limit, which shows that the simulated ventilation modes of bedroom can only reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants. Based on the simulated data and 19 different weight schemes, the comprehensive evaluation values of 3 kinds of kitchen smoke exhaust modes and 3 kinds of bedroom ventilation modes were calculated. The results showed that if the indoor air quality was more important, the air window induced fan was better for the three types of exhaust smoke in the kitchen, and if the economy was more important, it would be better to use the natural exhaust smoke from the seeped chimney. For the three ventilation modes of the bedroom, if the indoor air quality is more important, then it is better to open two windows, and if the indoor thermal comfort is more important, it is better to adopt permeable ventilation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU834

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