發(fā)布時間：2018-10-23 16:16

【摘要】：在公共場所人員疏散中,通過計算機虛擬仿真,可以在規(guī)劃、設計階段就對建筑內人員的安全情況進行充分的預測,以便及早發(fā)現(xiàn)室內布局和人員數(shù)量等方面對疏散過程的影響,為建筑設計和室內陳設提供依據(jù)。本文以校園內教室、食堂和教學樓作為基本模型,對人員緊急情況下的疏散過程進行系統(tǒng)論述,得到出口數(shù)量、出口位置、人員數(shù)量和行走路徑同疏散時間的關系。利用元胞自動機理論建立疏散空間的靜態(tài)和動態(tài)地場模型,得出人在疏散時的移動規(guī)律,并將遺傳算法與元胞自動機模型相結合,以疏散路徑作為研究對象,實現(xiàn)最優(yōu)路徑的選擇。在UG三維數(shù)字化建模軟件和流程仿真軟件QUEST下,搭建教室、食堂和教學樓的整體布局模型,利用元胞自動機地場模型結合軟件自身的功能模塊對人員疏散過程的邏輯事件進行定義。在不同出口數(shù)量、位置、人員數(shù)量和行走路徑的條件下進行計算機仿真,分析仿真數(shù)據(jù)得出出口數(shù)量與疏散時間、擁堵人數(shù)的關系以及能夠提高疏散效率的最優(yōu)路徑。本文采用遺傳算法思想,根據(jù)疏散環(huán)境計算最優(yōu)疏散路徑。通過計算適應度值和選擇概率來配置教學樓內經(jīng)過不同樓梯的人員數(shù)量,使其達到最優(yōu)的疏散路徑和最少的疏散時間,并通過計算機模擬驗證了在人員疏散中采用遺傳算法的可行性和實用性。
[Abstract]:In the evacuation of people in public places, through computer virtual simulation, the safety situation of the people in the building can be fully predicted in the planning and design stages. In order to find out the influence of indoor layout and number of personnel on the evacuation process as early as possible and provide the basis for architectural design and interior furnishings. Taking the classroom, canteen and teaching building as the basic model, this paper systematically discusses the evacuation process of the personnel emergency, and obtains the relationship between the number of exits, the location of the exit, the number of people and the walking path and the evacuation time. The static and dynamic ground field models of evacuation space are established by using cellular automata theory, and the moving laws of human beings during evacuation are obtained. The genetic algorithm is combined with the cellular automata model, and the evacuation path is taken as the research object. The choice of optimal path is realized. The overall layout model of classroom, canteen and teaching building is built under UG 3D digital modeling software and process simulation software QUEST. The logical events of evacuation process are defined by the cellular automata ground field model and the function module of the software itself. Under the conditions of different exit number, location, person number and walking path, computer simulation is carried out, and the relationship between exit quantity and evacuation time, congestion number and the optimal route to improve evacuation efficiency is obtained by analyzing the simulation data. In this paper, genetic algorithm is used to calculate the optimal evacuation path according to the evacuation environment. Through the calculation of fitness and selection probability, the number of people passing through different staircases in the teaching building is configured to achieve the optimal evacuation path and minimum evacuation time. The feasibility and practicability of using genetic algorithm in evacuation are verified by computer simulation.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU998.1

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