【摘要】：進(jìn)入到21世紀(jì)以后,全球氣候變暖、資源枯竭和環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,而目前國(guó)內(nèi)寒地區(qū)域正面臨著城鎮(zhèn)化的進(jìn)程,住宅建設(shè)迅速增長(zhǎng),其產(chǎn)生的能耗不斷加大,二氧化碳排放量也急劇上升,同時(shí),寒地現(xiàn)有的住宅結(jié)構(gòu)體系在其“生命周期”內(nèi)無(wú)法滿足居住者的對(duì)功能的使用的變化和健康舒適度等方面的需求。針對(duì)上述情況,結(jié)合寒地的氣候特點(diǎn)和居住者的生活習(xí)慣,本文提出鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)這一現(xiàn)代木結(jié)構(gòu)體系框架下的低層住宅形式,并研究了這種結(jié)構(gòu)形式在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展情況及現(xiàn)狀,同時(shí)歸納總結(jié)了其結(jié)構(gòu)上具有的自重輕、抗風(fēng)、抗震性能強(qiáng)、空間靈活的優(yōu)勢(shì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上其具有的施工方便、工期短、對(duì)熟練技術(shù)工人的依賴低、綜合造價(jià)低以及其滿足產(chǎn)業(yè)化和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需求等優(yōu)勢(shì)。針對(duì)鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和特點(diǎn)以及寒地現(xiàn)行結(jié)構(gòu)體系下的低層住宅的現(xiàn)狀,繼而提出了以“長(zhǎng)壽”“三節(jié)”和被動(dòng)式為代表的低碳設(shè)計(jì)理念,并結(jié)合托馬斯·赫爾佐格的雙戶住宅和日本積水實(shí)驗(yàn)性鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅等實(shí)例加以說(shuō)明。通過(guò)對(duì)寒地低層鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的平面、空間及外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)研究,具體分析在這些方面的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中對(duì)低碳理念的體現(xiàn)。通過(guò)寒地低層住宅的平面現(xiàn)狀研究,總結(jié)出目前寒地低層住宅存在的問(wèn)題。在此基礎(chǔ)之上結(jié)合低碳設(shè)計(jì)理念,對(duì)寒地低層鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的溫度梯度場(chǎng)平面設(shè)計(jì)“全壽命”周期的平面設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行研究,同時(shí)對(duì)其空間的熱環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)、風(fēng)環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)及“炕”空間設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了研究。而在產(chǎn)生能耗最大的外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)方面,通過(guò)對(duì)鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)外墻構(gòu)造、龍骨的類型與間距及保溫材料的研究以及外窗與屋頂?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)研究,進(jìn)一步證明其設(shè)計(jì)上的節(jié)能低碳性。通過(guò)eQUEST軟件模擬,驗(yàn)證了在“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型”下,寒地低層鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的年使用能耗要小于鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)等寒地現(xiàn)行結(jié)構(gòu)體系下的低層住宅的年使用能耗,而采用低碳措施的低層鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅其使用能耗更低。同時(shí),利用碳排放量的計(jì)算公式,結(jié)合模擬出的年使用能耗,計(jì)算出“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型”下的寒地低層鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅“生命周期”內(nèi)的二氧化碳排放量,并與寒地現(xiàn)行結(jié)構(gòu)體系的低層住宅相比較,從不同階段進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)體系的低碳性。通過(guò)對(duì)寒地低層鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅的設(shè)計(jì)研究,并與寒地現(xiàn)行結(jié)構(gòu)體系相比較,從多個(gè)角度證明了寒地低層鋼木結(jié)構(gòu)住宅在低碳化設(shè)計(jì)方面具有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì),可以成為未來(lái)寒地低層住宅的發(fā)展方向。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21st century, global warming, resource depletion and environmental pollution are serious. At present, the cold region in China is facing the process of urbanization, housing construction is growing rapidly, and its energy consumption is increasing. At the same time, the existing residential structure system in the cold region can not meet the needs of the occupants in their "life cycle" in terms of the changes in the use of their functions and their health and comfort. In view of the above situation, combined with the climatic characteristics of the cold region and the living habits of the residents, this paper puts forward the steel and wood structure, which is a low-rise residence form under the framework of the modern wooden structure system, and studies the development and present situation of this structure form at home and abroad. At the same time, it summarizes its advantages of light weight, wind resistance, strong seismic performance, flexible space, easy construction, short construction period and low dependence on skilled workers. The comprehensive cost is low and it satisfies the industrialization and the sustainable development demand and so on superiority. In view of the advantages and characteristics of steel and wood structures and the present situation of low-rise residential buildings under the current structure system in cold regions, the concept of low-carbon design, represented by "longevity" and "three sections" and passive design, is put forward. Examples of Thomas Herzog's double-family residence and Japanese experimental steel-wood structure house with stagnant water are also given. Through the research on the design of plane, space and outer enclosure structure of the low-rise steel-wood structure residence in the cold region, the paper analyzes the embodiment of low-carbon concept in the design process of these aspects. Through the study of the plane status of the low-rise residence in the cold region, the problems of the low-rise residence in the cold region are summarized. Based on the concept of low carbon design, the "whole life" period plane design of temperature gradient field plane design of low-rise steel-timber structure residence in cold region is studied, and the space thermal environment design is also studied. Wind environment design and "Kang" space design were studied. On the other hand, in the aspect of exterior envelope structure, the structure of exterior wall, the type and spacing of keel and insulation material, and the design of outer window and roof are studied, which further prove the energy saving and low carbon property of the design of steel and wood structure, and the research of the type and spacing of the keel as well as the design of the outer window and roof. Through the simulation of eQUEST software, it is verified that under the "standard model", the annual energy consumption of the low-story steel-timber structure residence in cold region is less than that of the low-story residence under the current structure system of reinforced concrete structure. The energy consumption of the low-rise steel-wood structure residence is lower than that of the low-carbon residence. At the same time, using the calculation formula of carbon emissions, combined with the simulated annual energy consumption, the carbon dioxide emissions in the "life cycle" of low-rise steel-timber residential buildings in the cold region under the "standard model" are calculated. Compared with the low-rise residence of the current structure system in the cold region, the low-carbon property of the structure system of steel and wood is further verified from different stages. Through the research on the design of low-rise steel-wood structure residence in cold area, and compared with the current structure system in cold area, it is proved from many angles that the low-story steel-timber structure residence in cold area has great advantages in low carbonization design. May become the future cold area low-rise residence's development direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.91;TU398.6

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