【摘要】：龍游石窟是我國古代最高水平的地下人工建筑群之一,集人文、藝術(shù)、文化、工程技術(shù)于一體,是世界地下空間開發(fā)利用的一大奇觀。但是,在歷經(jīng)歲月滄桑的過程中,由于人為的和自然力的破壞,龍游石窟遭受不同程度的損害或破壞。為更好地保護(hù)龍游石窟,使其能得到更好的開發(fā)與利用,必須對其進(jìn)行長期保護(hù)與規(guī)劃。因此,研究龍游石窟中的艾公洞圍巖可能出現(xiàn)的變形破壞及其所處邊坡可能出現(xiàn)的崩塌和滑坡等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,提出相應(yīng)的加固保護(hù)方案與建議,以形成艾公洞長期保護(hù)的對策與方案,這具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。在前人研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,本文通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)查、測繪和室內(nèi)數(shù)值模擬等手段對艾公洞古洞室的形成歷史原因、洞前河床淤積情況、洞室圍巖及其所在邊坡的工程地質(zhì)條件和變形破壞形態(tài)等開展了一系列工作,其主要成果如下：(1)艾公洞修建原因主要有兩種說法,其洞前平均淤積速度推算約為0.107～0.120m/年。結(jié)合艾公洞入口通道處右上方存在一個開鑿形狀象古代門拱結(jié)構(gòu)的圖形,提出了兩種“地質(zhì)探洞”猜想。工程地質(zhì)巖體結(jié)構(gòu)類型大體上屬于整體狀和塊狀結(jié)構(gòu),可按連續(xù)介質(zhì)力學(xué)模型進(jìn)行分析與計(jì)算。(2)洞室頂板四周各角落部位和中央部位在一定時期內(nèi)均會處于相對較為穩(wěn)定的階段,頂板的拉彎受力滿足安全要求,變形也很小。洞室圍巖的外鼓變形量相對也較小,出現(xiàn)洞室圍巖的向內(nèi)鼓曲破壞的可能性極低。(3)因整個洞室處于一個陡坡位置,朝著南面洞口外(坡面)方向的位移雖然發(fā)展不大,但在相當(dāng)長一段時間內(nèi)較難穩(wěn)定,可能在漫長的時間里主要沿著破裂滑動面產(chǎn)生剪切-錯動破壞,因此就長期保護(hù)來說建議對其進(jìn)行加固處理。(4)洞室西邊墻粉砂質(zhì)泥巖夾層的傾角約為220,為逆向陡坡,起到了緩解或擴(kuò)散裂縫端部形成的局部應(yīng)力集中,阻止了各裂縫不斷向下發(fā)展的趨勢。但其風(fēng)化的速度遠(yuǎn)比泥質(zhì)粉砂巖要大的多,這將導(dǎo)致洞室西邊墻巖體位于泥質(zhì)夾層以上的巖石可能分塊脫落,隨著時間的發(fā)展而逐漸掏空,勢必加速洞室的破壞。(5)針對艾公洞古洞室及其所在邊坡破壞情況分析及預(yù)測,提出洞室防風(fēng)化措施和巖石錨桿物理加固的長期保護(hù)對策,以防止洞室陡坡沿著滑動面可能產(chǎn)生的滑動破壞。
[Abstract]:Longyou Grottoes is one of the highest level underground artificial buildings in ancient China, which integrates humanities, art, culture and engineering technology, and is a great spectacle of the development and utilization of underground space in the world. However, during the vicissitudes of life, the Longyou grottoes suffered different degrees of damage or destruction due to the destruction of human and natural forces. In order to better protect Longyou grottoes and enable them to be better developed and utilized, it is necessary to protect and plan Longyou grottoes for a long time. Therefore, this paper studies the possible deformation and destruction of surrounding rock of Aigong Cave in Longyou Grottoes and the geological disasters such as collapse and landslide that may occur on the slope, and puts forward corresponding reinforcement and protection schemes and suggestions. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to form the long-term protection countermeasures and schemes of Ai Gongdong. On the basis of previous research work, this paper, by means of field investigation, surveying and mapping and indoor numerical simulation, analyzes the historical reasons for the formation of ancient caverns in Ai Gongdong, and the deposition of riverbed in front of the cave. A series of works have been carried out on the engineering geological conditions and deformation and failure patterns of the surrounding rock and slope of the cavern. The main results are as follows: (1) there are two main reasons for the construction of the Aigong tunnel, and the average sedimentation velocity in front of the tunnel is estimated to be about 0.107~0.120m/ year. There is a figure in the upper right of the entrance passage of Heai Gongdong, which resembles the structure of the ancient door arch, and two kinds of "geological exploration holes" conjecture are put forward. The structural types of engineering geological rock mass are generally integral and massive. The mechanical model of continuous medium can be used to analyze and calculate. (2) every corner and center part of the roof around the cavern will be in a relatively stable stage in a certain period, and the tension and bending force of the roof can meet the safety requirements and the deformation is very small. The deformation of the surrounding rock is relatively small, and the possibility of collapse of the surrounding rock is very low. (3) because the whole cavern is in a steep slope position, the displacement towards the south side of the tunnel is not very large. But it is difficult to be stable for quite a long time, which may cause shear-dislocation failure mainly along the fracture slip surface for a long time. Therefore, in terms of long-term protection, it is suggested to strengthen it. (4) the inclination of silty mudstone intercalation in the west wall of the cavern is about 220, which is a reverse steep slope, which has alleviated or diffused the local stress concentration formed at the end of the fracture. This prevents the downward trend of the cracks. However, the weathering rate is much faster than that of muddy siltstone, which will result in the rocks located above the muddy intercalation in the west wall of the cavern possibly falling off in pieces, and gradually hollowed out with the development of time. It is inevitable to accelerate the destruction of caverns. (5) according to the analysis and prediction of the ancient caverns and their slopes in Ai Gongdong, the weathering prevention measures of the caverns and the long-term protection countermeasures for the physical reinforcement of rock anchors are put forward. To prevent the cavern steep slope along the sliding surface may cause sliding damage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU45

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