【摘要】：藏式民居建筑經(jīng)歷了歷史的變遷,聚合了地域、宗教等因素,成為了中國民居建筑的重要組成部分。作為藏區(qū)至今延用的地標(biāo)性的建筑形態(tài),是少數(shù)民族建筑智慧的集中體現(xiàn)。本文以甘肅甘南農(nóng)區(qū)木質(zhì)藏式民居建筑為研究對象,以實(shí)地訪談、調(diào)研為基礎(chǔ),歸納總結(jié)了該地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)民居資源的特征,多層面深入發(fā)掘其自然條件、人文環(huán)境、建筑特色等因素,以實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)與利用相結(jié)合為基本原則,為改善甘南農(nóng)區(qū)人居環(huán)境提供研究基礎(chǔ),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新型生態(tài)藏式農(nóng)村民居建設(shè)。通過對甘南藏族自治州迭部縣哇曲村典型藏式民居冬、夏季室內(nèi)外溫濕度的測量,分析得出了藏族傳統(tǒng)民居建筑熱環(huán)境狀況。結(jié)果表明:結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史、地理、氣候等因素,哇曲村形成了獨(dú)特的村落構(gòu)成和單體民居建筑構(gòu)造。藏族傳統(tǒng)民居外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)具有較好的熱工性能,建筑熱環(huán)境的被動式調(diào)節(jié)使室內(nèi)熱舒適狀況需要通過綜合的、節(jié)能的手段來進(jìn)一步改善。在基于被動式技術(shù)改造的原則下,綜合考慮當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖL(fēng)格及民俗,使用DeST-h設(shè)計(jì)了建筑本體改造、墻體保溫、更換外窗、增設(shè)南向陽光間等幾種節(jié)能改造方案,分析了各種措施在降低建筑采暖能耗中的潛力。提出采用綜合性節(jié)能改造體系降低寒冷地區(qū)藏式住宅能耗,改善藏式民居室內(nèi)熱舒適性。結(jié)果表明:相比基準(zhǔn)藏式民居能耗,南向磚墻和煙道增設(shè)60mm和40mm合理厚度的膨脹聚苯板后節(jié)能率分別為22.04%和14.69%,增大南向窗墻比且更換中空玻璃、設(shè)置南向陽光間以及增加夯土墻厚度均可顯著降低能耗。相比基礎(chǔ)能耗,節(jié)能率分別為17.62%、22.80%、26.32%�；谡辉囼�(yàn)方法,綜合各項(xiàng)節(jié)能措施,優(yōu)化的節(jié)能措施組合可以使現(xiàn)有的藏式民居冬季的全年累計(jì)熱負(fù)荷達(dá)到61.4%的整體節(jié)能率,室內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)室溫分布明顯改善,且具有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。
[Abstract]:Tibetan residential buildings have experienced historical changes, converging regional, religious and other factors, has become an important part of Chinese residential architecture. As a landmark architectural form, it is the concentrated embodiment of the architectural wisdom of ethnic minorities. Based on field interviews and investigation, this paper summarizes the characteristics of traditional residential resources in Gannan, Gansu Province, and explores the natural conditions and humanistic environment of them in many ways, taking the wood-Tibetan residential buildings in Gannan agricultural area as the research object, and on the basis of field interviews and investigations, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the traditional residential resources in this area. Based on the basic principle of combining protection and utilization, the architectural characteristics provide the research basis for improving the living environment in Gannan agricultural area, and thus realize the sustainable development of the new eco-Tibetan rural residential construction. By measuring the temperature and humidity of typical Tibetan houses in Waguqu Village, Diubu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, this paper analyzes the thermal environment of Tibetan traditional houses in winter and summer. The results show that the local history, geography, climate and other factors have formed a unique village structure and individual residential architecture. The external enclosure structure of Tibetan traditional residence has better thermal performance. The passive regulation of building thermal environment makes the indoor thermal comfort condition need to be further improved by means of comprehensive and energy-saving means. Based on the principle of passive technical transformation and considering the local architectural style and folklore comprehensively, this paper designs several energy saving retrofit schemes using DeST-h, such as building body transformation, wall insulation, replacing outer window, adding south sunshine room, etc. The potential of various measures in reducing building heating energy consumption is analyzed. A comprehensive energy saving reform system is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of Tibetan houses in cold areas and to improve the thermal comfort of Tibetan houses. The results show that compared with the energy consumption of the standard Tibetan dwelling, the energy saving rate of the expanded polystyrene plate with reasonable thickness of 60mm and 40mm in the south brick wall and flue is 22.04% and 14.699.The ratio of the south window to the wall is increased and the insulating glass is replaced. The energy consumption can be significantly reduced by setting the south sun and increasing the thickness of the rammed earth wall. Compared with the basic energy consumption, the energy saving rate is 17.62%, 22.80% and 26.32% respectively. Based on the orthogonal test method, the optimized combination of energy saving measures can make the accumulated heat load of the existing Tibetan dwelling in winter reach 61.4% of the total energy saving rate, and the indoor basic room temperature distribution is obviously improved. And has better economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU253;TU111.4

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