【摘要】：中國古典詩歌、中國山水畫和中國古典園林同出一脈,均在儒道釋三家文化的影響下發(fā)展起來,創(chuàng)作者和觀賞者的共同性決定了三者的審美以及創(chuàng)作的共通性。中國古典詩歌作為中國文化的發(fā)展起源,它在審美要求和創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)方面都對國畫和古典園林產(chǎn)生了直接的影響。因此,研究中國古典詩歌與中國古典園林在審美和創(chuàng)作方面的共通性,分析中國古典詩歌營造意境的手法以及在中國古典園林中的應(yīng)用和在現(xiàn)代景觀設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用,對于中國現(xiàn)代景觀設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展具有重要的研究意義。 本文以中國古典詩歌與中國古典園林同出一脈為研究基礎(chǔ),基于現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)、美學(xué)、詩學(xué)原理,從兩者的審美和創(chuàng)作共通性入手,結(jié)合中國古典園林和現(xiàn)代景觀設(shè)計(jì)案例,運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究、理論分析、分類研究、比較研究、調(diào)查研究和應(yīng)用研究等方法,研究了中國古典詩歌與中國古典園林在審美和創(chuàng)作方面表現(xiàn)出來的共通性,以及中國古典詩歌創(chuàng)作方法(包括意象和時空兩方面)在中國古典園林和現(xiàn)代景觀設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用,分析它對中國現(xiàn)代園林發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意義,通過設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證考量。本文的主要研究結(jié)果如下： (1)人們在精神滿足方面具有同樣的審美需求,尤其是現(xiàn)代社會的人及其需要通過審美來滿足精神的釋放。中國古典詩歌和中國古典園林具有相同的審美境界,追求虛靜之美,在其中追尋超越物質(zhì)的“氣、神、韻、境、味”的審美境界。在對詩歌和園林的審美過程中,人們通過審美聯(lián)想、審美投射和審美移情來完成最高的精神層面的審美體驗(yàn)。 (2)在詩歌和園林的創(chuàng)作過程中,創(chuàng)作者必須做到“隨物婉轉(zhuǎn),與心徘徊”,通過對物的把握,在創(chuàng)作過程中才能達(dá)到與神相通。創(chuàng)造意境,就是通過人們的體驗(yàn)感受使之產(chǎn)生情感,因此,園林意境生成的過程就是一個產(chǎn)生情感的過程。兩者都通過情感對象化,寄意于言外來生成情境,利用畫理中的以一概萬調(diào)動人們的審美聯(lián)想和審美投射機(jī)制,不斷更新創(chuàng)作意象來滿足人們的審美需求。 (3)以現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)的心理審美機(jī)制的生成和異質(zhì)同構(gòu)說為基礎(chǔ),提出在景觀設(shè)計(jì)中,應(yīng)通過將意象形象化、動態(tài)化、立體化從而使意象完成自我表達(dá),調(diào)動觀者的一切感覺器官,增強(qiáng)體驗(yàn)感。意境的生成主要是意象特征的同化過程,將可以表達(dá)主要情感的意象組合,強(qiáng)化其表征的情感意象,實(shí)現(xiàn)意象的連鎖,意境自會浮現(xiàn)出來。設(shè)計(jì)師可以通過特寫、夸大、對比烘托等手法對意象的特征進(jìn)行描寫,突出空間的整個情感特點(diǎn)。 (4)詩人通過對空間轉(zhuǎn)向設(shè)計(jì)、時間速率設(shè)計(jì)、空間的簡化、季節(jié)朝夕氣象等景觀的描寫來表現(xiàn)詩歌的時空。中國古典園林中,造園家利用空間轉(zhuǎn)向和時間速率把控游人的視線進(jìn)行線性空間設(shè)計(jì)；利用空間的簡化、季節(jié)朝夕等氣象景觀進(jìn)行面狀空間設(shè)計(jì),在靜態(tài)與動態(tài)的觀賞過程中體現(xiàn)時空宇宙的變化。現(xiàn)代景觀設(shè)計(jì)中對于時間也多有體現(xiàn),西方景觀主要著重于時間的體驗(yàn)和感知設(shè)計(jì),東方景觀主要著重于表現(xiàn)精神審美層面的時空生命觀。 (5)筆者根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)理論研究,通過一個“遇見時間”概念園子的設(shè)計(jì),試著將這些設(shè)計(jì)手法運(yùn)用到園子的設(shè)計(jì)中,從而對理論進(jìn)行充分的闡釋和證明。 以上研究結(jié)果表明,中國古典詩歌的創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)直接影響了中國古典園林的創(chuàng)作設(shè)計(jì)手法,景觀設(shè)計(jì)師要對審美發(fā)生過程進(jìn)行研究,從而根據(jù)審美產(chǎn)生的心理機(jī)制進(jìn)行合乎中國傳統(tǒng)審美境界的景觀設(shè)計(jì),創(chuàng)作真正具有中國韻味的園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:Chinese classical poetry, Chinese landscape painting and Chinese classical garden develop together with the influence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. As the origin of the development of Chinese culture, Chinese classical poetry has exerted direct influence on national painting and classical gardens in the aspects of aesthetic demand and artistic creation. Therefore, it studies the similarities between Chinese classical poetry and Chinese classical gardens in the aspects of aesthetics and creativity, analyzes the artistic conception of Chinese classical poetry and its application in Chinese classical gardens and its application in modern landscape design. It is of great significance to the development of modern landscape design in China. Based on the theory of modern psychology, aesthetics and poetics, this paper combines Chinese classical poetry with Chinese classical garden and develops a pulse as the basis of study. Based on the theory of modern psychology, aesthetics and poetics, this paper combines Chinese classical gardens and modern landscape design cases, and uses literature research and theory. By means of analysis, classification research, comparative research, investigation and application research, the author studies the common Chinese classical poetry and Chinese classical garden in the aspects of aesthetics and creation. The application of Chinese classical garden method (including image and space-time) in Chinese classical garden and modern landscape design is used to analyze its guiding significance to the development of modern Chinese garden and verify it through design practice. Considerations. The main findings of this article As follows: (1) People have the same aesthetic needs in spiritual satisfaction, especially those of modern society and their needs through aesthetics The release of spirit. Chinese classical poetry and Chinese classical garden have the same aesthetic realm, pursuit of the beauty of virtual quietness, in which the 鈥淨(jìng)i, God, Rhyme, Context, Taste鈥，

本文編號：2279653