【摘要】：在環(huán)境問(wèn)題與能源危機(jī)日益嚴(yán)重的今天,空氣源熱泵熱水器以其節(jié)能、環(huán)保的特點(diǎn)在熱水器行業(yè)受到越來(lái)越多認(rèn)可,從而在近年得到迅速發(fā)展。 空氣源熱泵熱水器是一種使用熱泵技術(shù),將環(huán)境空氣中蘊(yùn)藏的低溫?zé)崃坑脕?lái)制取熱水的裝置,通過(guò)熱泵工質(zhì)的熱力循環(huán)間接加熱制取熱水,能夠做到水電分離,大幅降低了觸電事故。當(dāng)然,為了能夠充分發(fā)揮空氣源熱泵熱水器節(jié)能、環(huán)保、安全的優(yōu)勢(shì)是離不開(kāi)設(shè)計(jì)合理的熱泵控制系統(tǒng)的支持。只有在熱泵控制系統(tǒng)的智能調(diào)控下,才能保證整個(gè)空氣源熱泵熱水器穩(wěn)定、可靠地運(yùn)行。本文主要研究空氣源熱泵熱水器的電控系統(tǒng)。 首先,本文分析了空氣源熱泵熱水器工作原理,主要包括熱泵系統(tǒng)制熱過(guò)程以及室外蒸發(fā)器結(jié)霜時(shí)的除霜控制流程。闡述了熱泵工質(zhì)的選用要求和目前廣泛使用的R22的特性。同時(shí)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)熱泵裝置的壓縮機(jī)、冷凝器、蒸發(fā)器、風(fēng)機(jī)、熱力膨脹閥等主要組成部件在熱泵系統(tǒng)中的作用以及三相壓縮機(jī)變頻調(diào)速的原理作詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)熱泵系統(tǒng)中需要控制的對(duì)象進(jìn)行分類(lèi)總結(jié)�？紤]成本因素依然是制約空氣源熱泵熱水器普及的主要原因,本文提出了以單片機(jī)作為控制芯片,配以三相SPWM波形發(fā)生器與智能功率模塊相結(jié)合的電控系統(tǒng)。 其次,分析控制系統(tǒng)工作原理以及實(shí)驗(yàn)熱泵裝置所需要達(dá)到基本目標(biāo),給出控制系統(tǒng)的硬件原理圖SCH設(shè)計(jì)、PCB設(shè)計(jì)和程序軟件設(shè)計(jì)。熱泵控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路主要包括直流供電電路、SPWM波型發(fā)生器電路、智能功率模塊電路、水位信號(hào)電路、溫度采集電路、按鍵電路和外部中斷保護(hù)電路等。系統(tǒng)控制程序主要包括溫度采集子程序、溫度設(shè)定子程序、SM2001波形發(fā)生器控制子程序、溫度PID控制子程序、除霜控制子程序等。同時(shí)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)空氣源熱泵熱水器裝置的主要部件,如壓縮機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)、循環(huán)水泵的電氣接線方式給出說(shuō)明。 最后,本文將所設(shè)計(jì)的空氣源熱泵熱水器電控系統(tǒng)與實(shí)驗(yàn)空氣源熱泵熱水器裝置進(jìn)行整合調(diào)試,以驗(yàn)證控制系統(tǒng)的可行性。系統(tǒng)測(cè)試中闡述了制熱溫度系統(tǒng)中運(yùn)用經(jīng)驗(yàn)法PID參數(shù)整定的一般過(guò)程,并對(duì)系統(tǒng)水溫可能出現(xiàn)振蕩的原因進(jìn)行預(yù)判。通過(guò)測(cè)試驗(yàn)了證本文所設(shè)計(jì)的控制系統(tǒng)能夠保障實(shí)驗(yàn)熱泵裝置穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious environmental problems and energy crisis, air source heat pump water heaters have been more and more recognized in the water heater industry for their energy saving and environmental protection characteristics, which have been developed rapidly in recent years. Air source heat pump water heater is a device that uses heat pump technology to make hot water by using the low temperature heat stored in the ambient air, and indirectly heating the heat pump working fluid to make hot water, which can achieve the separation of water and electricity. Electric shock accidents have been significantly reduced. Of course, in order to give full play to the air source heat pump water heater energy-saving, environmental protection, safety advantage is inseparable from the design of a reasonable heat pump control system support. Only under the intelligent control of the heat pump control system can the whole air source heat pump water heater operate stably and reliably. This paper mainly studies the electric control system of air source heat pump water heater. Firstly, the working principle of air source heat pump water heater is analyzed, which includes heat pump system heating process and defrosting control process when outdoor evaporator frosts. The selection requirements of heat pump working fluids and the characteristics of the widely used R 22 are described. At the same time, the function of compressor, condenser, evaporator, fan and thermal expansion valve of experimental heat pump device in heat pump system and the principle of frequency conversion speed regulation of three-phase compressor are explained in detail. On this basis, the experimental heat pump system need to control the object classification and summary. Considering the cost factor is still the main reason of restricting the popularity of air-source heat pump water heater, this paper proposes an electronic control system which uses single-chip microcomputer as control chip and combines three-phase SPWM waveform generator with intelligent power module. Secondly, the working principle of the control system and the basic goal of the experimental heat pump device are analyzed. The hardware schematic diagram SCH design, PCB design and program software design of the control system are given. The hardware circuit of heat pump control system mainly includes DC power supply circuit, SPWM wave generator circuit, intelligent power module circuit, water level signal circuit, temperature acquisition circuit, key circuit and external interrupt protection circuit. The system control program mainly includes temperature acquisition subroutine, temperature setting subroutine, SM2001 waveform generator control subroutine, temperature PID control subroutine, defrosting control subroutine and so on. At the same time, the main parts of experimental air source heat pump water heater, such as compressor, fan and circulating water pump, are explained. Finally, the electronic control system of the air source heat pump water heater is integrated with the experimental air source heat pump water heater to verify the feasibility of the control system. In the system test, the general process of PID parameter setting using empirical method in the heating temperature system is expounded, and the reason for the possible oscillation of the water temperature of the system is forecasted. The experimental results show that the control system designed in this paper can ensure the stable operation of the experimental heat pump device and meet the expected design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU822

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