【摘要】：改革開放以來，我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展，各種類型的商業(yè)建筑如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)。然而人們在享受高效便捷的購物消費(fèi)和休閑娛樂的同時(shí)，商業(yè)綜合體及其建筑群的巨大規(guī)模、多樣功能、眾多人數(shù)、復(fù)雜流線、與城市多層面多點(diǎn)銜接等特點(diǎn)，極大程度地增大了災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，特別是城市和建筑中最易發(fā)生的災(zāi)種——火災(zāi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 傳統(tǒng)的建筑防火設(shè)計(jì)以“條文式”的防火規(guī)范為依據(jù)，無法滿足部分現(xiàn)代商業(yè)綜合體迅速發(fā)展的設(shè)計(jì)需要，，當(dāng)因結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、造型等方面的特殊要求，出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)行國家消防技術(shù)規(guī)范中未明確規(guī)定的、現(xiàn)行國家消防技術(shù)規(guī)范規(guī)定的條件不適用的、依照國家消防技術(shù)規(guī)范進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)確有困難的情況時(shí)，將采取針對性更強(qiáng)、更加先進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、合理、有效的性能化防火措施進(jìn)行建筑和規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)。與此同時(shí)，性能化防火設(shè)計(jì)方法以其在火災(zāi)場景和人員疏散模擬等方面的突出優(yōu)勢，也將被更多地運(yùn)用于優(yōu)化“條文式”防火設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范框架內(nèi)的規(guī)劃與建筑方案設(shè)計(jì)。可見研究大型商業(yè)綜合體的性能化防火設(shè)計(jì)措施，并利用性能化防火設(shè)計(jì)的方法調(diào)整優(yōu)化規(guī)劃與建筑設(shè)計(jì)以避免和減輕火災(zāi)危害是亟待解決的重要課題。 本論文共分為十章，分別介紹了課題的研究背景與意義，國內(nèi)外商業(yè)綜合體性能化防火的研究現(xiàn)狀，要素構(gòu)成及火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性，建筑的火災(zāi)機(jī)理與性能化防火設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，五大類商業(yè)綜合體典型空間的防火優(yōu)化措施，最后提出結(jié)論與展望。 本文的核心研究內(nèi)容是結(jié)合商業(yè)綜合體空間要素構(gòu)成特征的火災(zāi)特點(diǎn)以及建筑防火設(shè)計(jì)中的三個(gè)重要指標(biāo)（防火分區(qū)、疏散距離、疏散寬度），提煉五大類商業(yè)綜合體的典型空間，即密集空間、豎向貫通空間、超大水平開敞空間、狹長通道空間和地下空間，以建筑學(xué)和城市規(guī)劃學(xué)的視角，一方面運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，對“超規(guī)范”的設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行性能化防火設(shè)計(jì)安全評價(jià)，另一方面對條文式規(guī)范框架內(nèi)的設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。 性能化防火策略作為消防設(shè)計(jì)乃至貫穿整個(gè)建筑、規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)全過程的設(shè)計(jì)思路，已初步為我們展現(xiàn)出應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的美好前景，本文旨在進(jìn)一步完善和發(fā)展以數(shù)字技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的性能化防火設(shè)計(jì)方法，為建筑和城市減災(zāi)防災(zāi)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供更有力的保障。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's market economy has been booming, and various types of commercial buildings have sprung up. However, while people enjoy efficient and convenient shopping, consumption, leisure and entertainment, the huge scale, diverse functions, large number of people, complex streamline, and so on of the commercial complex and its building complex, and so on, link up with the city, and so on. It greatly increases the risk of disasters, especially in cities and buildings, which are the most vulnerable types of disasters-fire risk. The traditional fire protection design of buildings is based on the "article style" fire prevention code, and can not meet the design needs of the rapid development of some modern commercial complexes, because of the special requirements of structure, function, modeling, etc. If the conditions stipulated in the current national fire control technical code are not clearly specified in the current national fire control technical code and the conditions stipulated in the current national fire control technical code are not applicable, if there is a real difficulty in carrying out the design in accordance with the national fire control technical specification, it will be more targeted and advanced. Economical, reasonable and effective performance-based fire prevention measures for building and planning design. At the same time, the performance-based fire prevention design method, with its outstanding advantages in fire scene and personnel evacuation simulation, will also be used to optimize the planning and building scheme design within the framework of the "text" fire prevention design code. Therefore, it is an important task to study the performance-based fire prevention design measures of large-scale commercial complex, and to adjust the optimization planning and building design to avoid and reduce the fire hazard by using the performance-based fire prevention design method. This paper is divided into ten chapters, respectively introduced the research background and significance of the subject, domestic and foreign commercial complex performance fire prevention research status, elements and fire risk, building fire mechanism and performance-based fire prevention design parameters. Five kinds of commercial complex typical space fire prevention optimization measures, finally put forward the conclusion and prospect. The core research content of this paper is to combine the fire characteristics of space elements of commercial complex and three important indexes in building fire prevention design (fire prevention zoning, evacuation distance). The typical spaces of five major types of commercial complexes, namely, dense space, vertical connecting space, large horizontal open space, long and narrow passageway space and underground space, are abstracted from the perspective of architecture and urban planning. On the one hand, computer technology is used to evaluate the safety of performance-based anti-fire design for the design scheme of "supercode"; on the other hand, the design method within the frame of the specification is optimized. Performance-based fire prevention strategy, as the design idea of fire protection design and even the whole building planning and design process, has shown us a bright prospect in the application field. The purpose of this paper is to further improve and develop the performance-based fire prevention design method based on digital technology, and to provide a more effective guarantee for the realization of the goal of disaster reduction and prevention in buildings and cities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU247;TU998.1

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