【摘要】：侵蝕坑的出現(xiàn)具有時(shí)間與空間的任意性,使得傳統(tǒng)離散式傳感器難以對(duì)埋地管道附近侵蝕坑的出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),分布式光纖傳感器的優(yōu)勢(shì)為此類(lèi)分布式監(jiān)測(cè)提供了可能。但由于分布式光纖的自身局限,無(wú)法對(duì)承插式管道的接口處進(jìn)行有效監(jiān)測(cè),而有限元分析的反演法則可擬補(bǔ)這一缺陷。根據(jù)上述思路,結(jié)合管身分布式應(yīng)變監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與管道三維非線性有限元修正模型,建立了侵蝕坑作用下承插式埋地管道完整性評(píng)價(jià)方法,以及設(shè)計(jì)了多種管口變形測(cè)量裝置。主要有以下內(nèi)容：1)基于ANSYS有限元分析軟件,通過(guò)應(yīng)用超彈性單元、土體彈塑性分析、管口與橡膠密封圈的接觸分析和管土接觸分析等高度非線性分析,以及生死單元技術(shù),建立了侵蝕坑作用下包含承插式柔性接口的埋地管道三維非線性有限元模型。通過(guò)計(jì)算侵蝕坑的形狀與位置、管體內(nèi)壓、管道上方覆土高度等,分析了侵蝕坑作用下埋地管道結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)與破壞機(jī)理。2)當(dāng)埋地承插式管道遭遇侵蝕坑時(shí),提出了一種基于分布式應(yīng)變測(cè)量光纖監(jiān)測(cè)與三維非線性有限元分析的埋地管道完整性評(píng)價(jià)的方法。通過(guò)進(jìn)行全尺寸埋地管道在侵蝕坑作用下的監(jiān)測(cè)試驗(yàn),利用分布式光纖傳感器監(jiān)測(cè)管身縱向應(yīng)變,確定侵蝕坑區(qū)域與范圍,由埋地管道試驗(yàn)所處環(huán)境結(jié)合上述建模方法建立有限元模型,并應(yīng)用監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)法修正承插式埋地管道模型參數(shù),進(jìn)而由有限元分析獲得管口的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變和管道剩余承載能力,最后綜合利用上述方法對(duì)承插式埋地管道的完整性進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。此方法不但彌補(bǔ)了分布式應(yīng)變監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)難以測(cè)量管口應(yīng)力和變形的不足,而且克服了數(shù)值模型難以精確模擬埋地管道實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)的局限,為埋地管道的結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)退化評(píng)價(jià)和剩余壽命預(yù)測(cè)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。3)為彌補(bǔ)光纖監(jiān)測(cè)管口的不足,設(shè)計(jì)了多種光纖測(cè)量管口變形裝置與監(jiān)測(cè)方法,并通過(guò)幾組模型試驗(yàn)說(shuō)明了每種測(cè)量裝置的測(cè)量方式的可行性與測(cè)量結(jié)果的有效性,為今后分布式光纖對(duì)管道的監(jiān)測(cè)提供了一定的使用與設(shè)計(jì)思路。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of erosion pits is arbitrary in time and space, which makes it difficult for traditional discrete sensors to monitor the occurrence and development of erosion pits near buried pipelines. The advantages of distributed optical fiber sensors make it possible for this kind of distributed monitoring. However, due to the limitations of the distributed optical fiber, it is impossible to monitor the interface of the socket pipe effectively, and the inversion law of finite element analysis can remedy this defect. According to the above ideas, combined with the distributed strain monitoring data of pipe body and the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element correction model of pipeline, a method for evaluating the integrity of buried pipeline under the action of erosion pit is established, and a variety of pipe opening deformation measuring devices are designed. The main contents are as follows: (1) based on ANSYS finite element analysis software, through the application of hyperelastic element, elastoplastic analysis of soil, contact analysis between pipe opening and rubber seal ring and soil-pipe contact analysis, as well as birth and death element technology, A three dimensional nonlinear finite element model of buried pipeline with flexible interface under the action of erosion pit is established. By calculating the shape and position of the erosion pit, the pressure inside the pipe and the height of the overlying soil above the pipe, the structural response and failure mechanism of the buried pipeline under the action of the erosion pit are analyzed. A method for evaluating the integrity of buried pipelines based on distributed strain measurement fiber-optic monitoring and 3D nonlinear finite element analysis is proposed. Through the monitoring test of full-scale buried pipeline under the action of erosion pit, the longitudinal strain of pipe body is monitored by distributed optical fiber sensor, and the area and range of erosion pit are determined. The finite element model is established from the environment of buried pipeline test combined with the above modeling method, and the parameters of embedded buried pipeline model are modified by monitoring data and manual adjustment method. The stress and strain of the pipe mouth and the residual bearing capacity of the pipeline are obtained by the finite element analysis. Finally, the integrality of the embedded pipeline is evaluated synthetically by the above methods. This method not only makes up for the shortage of distributed strain monitoring technology which is difficult to measure the stress and deformation of pipe mouth, but also overcomes the limitation of numerical model which is difficult to accurately simulate the actual structural state of buried pipeline. This paper provides a scientific basis for structural degradation evaluation and residual life prediction of buried pipeline. In order to make up for the shortage of optical fiber monitoring pipe mouth, a variety of optical fiber measuring devices and monitoring methods are designed. The feasibility of each measuring device and the effectiveness of the measurement results are illustrated through several model tests, which provide a certain application and design idea for the monitoring of pipeline by distributed optical fiber in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU991.36;TU992.23

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