【摘要】：不銹鋼結(jié)構(gòu)具有優(yōu)良的耐腐蝕性和耐久性，可以從根本上解決普通鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的銹蝕和維護問題，在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)中具有可觀的應(yīng)用前景。不銹鋼材的非線性材料力學(xué)性能與普通鋼材存在明顯區(qū)別，焊接不銹鋼構(gòu)件截面的殘余應(yīng)力分布不同于普通鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，將顯著影響焊接不銹鋼構(gòu)件的穩(wěn)定承載力。現(xiàn)有的研究主要集中于薄壁的冷成型不銹鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，缺少針對具備較高承載能力的焊接截面構(gòu)件的試驗研究與設(shè)計方法，而我國尚無不銹鋼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計規(guī)范，十分不利于不銹鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的實際工程應(yīng)用。本文的研究工作依托我國首本《不銹鋼結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)規(guī)范》的編制開展，通過大量的試驗研究和數(shù)值計算，結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定理論分析，，對焊接不銹鋼軸心受壓構(gòu)件的殘余應(yīng)力、局部穩(wěn)定和相關(guān)穩(wěn)定性能進行了系統(tǒng)深入的研究，提出了建議設(shè)計計算方法。本文的研究工作主要包括以下四個方面： （1）采用分割法對焊接加工成型的18個不銹鋼試件截面的殘余應(yīng)力大小與分布形態(tài)進行了實際試驗量測，包括奧氏體型S30408和雙相型S22253兩種不銹鋼牌號，工字形、等邊和不等邊箱形三種截面形式，基于試驗數(shù)據(jù)提出了截面殘余應(yīng)力建議簡化分布模型，并將建議分布模型的應(yīng)用范圍推廣到奧氏體型、雙相型和鐵素體型三大類不銹鋼。 （2）開展了72組拉伸與壓縮材性試驗和28個兩端固接的焊接不銹鋼短柱局部穩(wěn)定加載試驗，得到了不銹鋼板材的拉、壓力學(xué)性能以及構(gòu)件的局部穩(wěn)定性能，試驗結(jié)果驗證了有限元數(shù)值模擬的可靠性。 （3）進行了18個兩端鉸接焊接不銹鋼柱的相關(guān)穩(wěn)定加載試驗，建立了能夠模擬不銹鋼材料力學(xué)性能、焊接殘余應(yīng)力、局部與整體幾何初始缺陷以及初始加載偏心距等因素的精細有限元模型，試驗結(jié)果驗證了有限元模型的準確可靠性。 （4）對影響焊接不銹鋼軸壓構(gòu)件局部穩(wěn)定和相關(guān)穩(wěn)定的主要因素開展了多目標參數(shù)分析，并完成了844個局部穩(wěn)定算例和654個相關(guān)穩(wěn)定算例的計算分析。通過對現(xiàn)有設(shè)計方法的評估，建議了加勁和非加勁板件的受壓臨界寬厚比限值，提出了計算局部屈曲后強度的有效寬度法和直接強度法建議公式，同時提出了兩種相關(guān)穩(wěn)定承載力建議計算方法：有效截面-Perry公式法和直接強度-Perry公式法。
[Abstract]:Stainless steel structure has excellent corrosion resistance and durability, which can fundamentally solve the problems of corrosion and maintenance of common steel structure. The mechanical properties of nonlinear materials of stainless steel are obviously different from those of common steel, and the residual stress distribution of welded stainless steel members is different from that of ordinary steel structural members, which will significantly affect the stability bearing capacity of welded stainless steel members. The existing researches mainly focus on the cold-formed stainless steel structural members with thin wall, and lack of experimental research and design methods for welded cross-section members with high load-carrying capacity, but there is no stainless steel structural design code in China. It is very unfavorable to the practical engineering application of stainless steel structure. The research work in this paper relies on the compilation of the first Technical Specification for stainless Steel structure in China. Through a large number of experimental studies and numerical calculations, combined with the theoretical analysis of structural stability, the residual stresses of welded stainless steel axial compression members are analyzed. The local stability and the related stability performance are studied systematically, and the design calculation method is proposed. The research work of this paper mainly includes the following four aspects: (1) the residual stress size and distribution of 18 stainless steel specimens fabricated by welding are measured by using the split method. It includes austenitic S30408 and duplex S22253 stainless steel grades, I-shaped, equilateral and non-equilateral box shapes. Based on the experimental data, a simplified model for the distribution of residual stress in sections is proposed. The application range of the proposed distribution model is extended to austenitic type. Duplex and ferrite stainless steels. (2) 72 groups of tensile and compression tests and 28 local stable loading tests of welded stainless steel columns with two ends are carried out, and the tensile properties of stainless steel plates are obtained. The reliability of the finite element numerical simulation is verified by the experimental results. (3) the related stable loading tests of 18 welded stainless steel columns with hinged ends are carried out. A fine finite element model is established to simulate the mechanical properties of stainless steel, welding residual stress, local and global geometric initial defects, and initial loading eccentricity. The experimental results verify the accuracy and reliability of the finite element model. (4) the main factors affecting the local stability and the related stability of welded stainless steel axial compression members are analyzed by multi-objective parameter analysis. The calculation and analysis of 844 local stability examples and 654 related stability examples are completed. Based on the evaluation of the existing design methods, the critical width-thickness ratio limits for stiffened and non-stiffened plates are suggested, and the effective width method and direct strength method for calculating local buckling strength are proposed. At the same time, two methods for calculating the bearing capacity of stability are proposed: the effective section Perry formula method and the direct strength Perry formula method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU391

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