【摘要】：天然氣分布式能源系統(tǒng)是一項以“溫度對口、梯級利用”為原則，滿足用戶多負(fù)荷要求的能源生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)，具有較大節(jié)能減排優(yōu)勢，受到各國力推。我國近幾年對天然氣分布式能源的推廣力度加大，國家發(fā)展和改革委員會提出了“十二五”建設(shè)目標(biāo)，并指出為天然氣分布式能源實(shí)行財政支持，而上海市已在更早的時候?qū)μ烊粴夥植际侥茉磳?shí)施了較大力度的補(bǔ)貼政策。但是財政補(bǔ)貼對行業(yè)發(fā)展只有短暫的促進(jìn)作用，發(fā)展若要廣泛持續(xù)還需要依賴天然氣分布式能源本身的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。天然氣分布式能源的經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響因素多，涉及到多種復(fù)雜能源體系和定價問題。本文以天然氣分布式能源系統(tǒng)中價格關(guān)系最為簡單的自用樓宇型天然氣分布式能源作為研究對象，將目前尚未普及的并網(wǎng)及上網(wǎng)政策作為研究的政策環(huán)境假設(shè)，，從而弱化政策和價格因素的不確定性，著重分析用戶的負(fù)荷環(huán)境對天然氣分布式能源系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響。 本文以國內(nèi)四大氣候區(qū)的四個代表城市，每個城市三種建筑功能類型共12種不同的負(fù)荷環(huán)境類型作為負(fù)荷樣本，根據(jù)各氣候區(qū)不同熱工要求下的用戶能源使用和計費(fèi)特點(diǎn)，分別建立了相對經(jīng)濟(jì)效益模型，即以相對傳統(tǒng)用能方式的費(fèi)用節(jié)省量作為系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性的評價指標(biāo)，通過對模型分析確立了各氣候區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)性最優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)余熱利用原則和輔助模塊選用原則。 為獲取具有氣候差異和建筑功能差異的全年各項逐時負(fù)荷值，本文將某建筑體建筑模型按照各氣候區(qū)的建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計要求設(shè)置了建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)各項參數(shù)，將其置于各代表性城市的典型氣象年氣象環(huán)境中，利用VirtualEnvironment（簡稱VE）軟件進(jìn)行建筑的空調(diào)制冷與采暖負(fù)荷模擬。在VE中按照辦公、商場、賓館三種功能建筑的典型人員、設(shè)備使用特點(diǎn)以及各氣候區(qū)各季節(jié)的新風(fēng)開啟特點(diǎn)，設(shè)置建筑內(nèi)人員設(shè)備等熱擾和通風(fēng)的日、周、年特性曲線，模擬出四個城市三種建筑類型的全年冷熱負(fù)荷。另參照相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范得出各類型建筑的年逐時電負(fù)荷與生活熱水負(fù)荷。 按照等效價值最優(yōu)化的余熱利用原則和輔助模塊選用原則，結(jié)合燃機(jī)的變工況特性，用matlab軟件編制了系統(tǒng)全年等效價值最優(yōu)化運(yùn)行計算程序，模擬4個城市3建筑類型系統(tǒng)全年動態(tài)運(yùn)行。將建筑逐時電、冷、采暖、生活熱水負(fù)荷作為輸入條件，求解出各城市各類型建筑逐時逐日的全年最優(yōu)化相對經(jīng)濟(jì)效益值以及各相關(guān)參數(shù)。 使用程序求解得出4個城市3種類型建筑在5個燃?xì)鈨r格下共60個系統(tǒng)的各相對經(jīng)濟(jì)效益值及各相關(guān)參數(shù)，通過縱橫多向?qū)Ρ人蠼獾臄?shù)據(jù)，分析不同系統(tǒng)的地區(qū)、類型、燃?xì)鈨r格設(shè)定條件下的系統(tǒng)全年相對經(jīng)濟(jì)效益總和的大小及變化規(guī)律，分析發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)全年相對經(jīng)濟(jì)效益值隨著地區(qū)與建筑類型不同而呈現(xiàn)出的變化具有一定的規(guī)律性，系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與動力設(shè)備的全年當(dāng)量滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行小時數(shù)以及一次能源綜合利用效率之間也有著密切的相關(guān)關(guān)系，結(jié)果可為政府價格控制與樓宇型天然氣分布式能源項目的初步評價提供參考。
[Abstract]:Natural gas distributed energy system is an energy production and supply system based on the principle of "temperature matching and cascade utilization", which meets the requirements of users with multiple loads. It has great advantages of energy saving and emission reduction, and has been promoted by many countries. The 12th Five-Year Plan targets and points out that financial support for natural gas distributed energy has been implemented, and Shanghai has implemented a more vigorous subsidy policy for natural gas distributed energy earlier. However, financial subsidy has only a short-term role in promoting the development of the industry, and the development needs to rely on natural gas distributed energy if it is to be widely sustained. There are many factors affecting the economy of natural gas distributed energy, involving a variety of complex energy systems and pricing issues. In this paper, the most simple price relationship in the natural gas distributed energy system for self-use buildings, natural gas distributed energy as the research object, the current universality of the network and access policy. As a policy environment hypothesis, the uncertainties of policy and price factors are weakened. The influence of user's load environment on the economy of natural gas distributed energy system is analyzed.
In this paper, four representative cities in four major climatic zones in China, 12 different load environmental types of three building function types in each city are taken as load samples. According to the characteristics of energy use and consumption under different thermal requirements in different climatic zones, the relative economic benefit models are established respectively, that is, the cost of energy use is comparatively traditional. As the evaluation index of system economy, the principle of waste heat utilization and the principle of auxiliary module selection are established through the model analysis.
In order to obtain the hourly loads with different climatic and architectural functions, this paper sets the parameters of building envelope structure according to the requirements of energy-saving design of buildings in different climatic zones, puts it in the typical meteorological environment of representative cities, and uses the Virtual Environment (VE) software. In VE, three building types in four cities are simulated according to the typical personnel of office, shopping mall and hotel, the characteristics of equipment usage and the characteristics of fresh air opening in different seasons in different climatic zones, and the daily, weekly and annual characteristic curves of heat disturbance and ventilation such as personnel and equipment in buildings. In addition, the annual hourly electricity load and domestic hot water load of various types of buildings are obtained by referring to relevant standards and specifications.
According to the principle of optimal waste heat utilization and auxiliary module selection, combined with the off-design characteristics of the gas turbine, the program of annual equivalent value optimization operation is compiled with MATLAB software to simulate the whole year dynamic operation of three types of building systems in four cities. Under these conditions, the annual optimal relative economic benefits and relevant parameters of various types of buildings in each city are solved hourly and day by day.
The relative economic benefit values and relevant parameters of 60 systems of three types of buildings in four cities under five gas prices are obtained by using the program. Through vertical and horizontal multi-directional comparison, the total annual relative economic benefit of different systems in different areas, types and gas prices are analyzed. It is found that the annual relative economic benefit of the system varies regularly with the area and building type, and there is a close correlation between the economic benefit of the system and the annual equivalent full-load operation hours of power equipment and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of primary energy. The result can be used as the government price. The control provides reference for the preliminary evaluation of building type natural gas distributed energy projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU996

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