【摘要】：大型公共項(xiàng)目是改善國(guó)民生活質(zhì)量的重要手段，承擔(dān)著為整個(gè)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和提供公共物品和服務(wù)的重要任務(wù)，是建筑行業(yè)中的標(biāo)桿項(xiàng)目。我國(guó)順應(yīng)國(guó)際潮流和現(xiàn)實(shí)需要，將可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展目標(biāo)和方向，但當(dāng)前相關(guān)的實(shí)踐情況卻并不樂(lè)觀。大型公共項(xiàng)目，，特別是非經(jīng)營(yíng)性大型公共項(xiàng)目在可持續(xù)性上的表現(xiàn)不盡如人意，在決策、投資、建設(shè)和使用的過(guò)程中陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題。因此，如何科學(xué)地評(píng)判大型公共項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)性，改善和提高項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)性也就成為一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題。對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的回答將有助于提升整個(gè)建筑業(yè)的可持續(xù)性表現(xiàn)，有助于集約和合理利用公共資源，進(jìn)而為當(dāng)前和諧社會(huì)和“兩型”社會(huì)的建設(shè)過(guò)程貢獻(xiàn)力量。 本文選取投資額度巨大、社會(huì)影響深遠(yuǎn)、行業(yè)示范性強(qiáng)的大型公共項(xiàng)目為研究對(duì)象，在考慮利益相關(guān)者訴求的基礎(chǔ)上，將大型公共項(xiàng)目的全壽命周期分為決策、設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)、運(yùn)營(yíng)和退出使用等五個(gè)階段，從六個(gè)維度即經(jīng)濟(jì)維度、環(huán)境維度、社會(huì)維度、資源利用維度、健康與安全維度以及項(xiàng)目治理維度，結(jié)合大型公共項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)性在各個(gè)維度中的特點(diǎn)對(duì)其進(jìn)行計(jì)量，并對(duì)其可持續(xù)性的改善進(jìn)行相關(guān)探討。本文研究?jī)?nèi)容的實(shí)施嚴(yán)格以提出研究問(wèn)題的邏輯為思維指導(dǎo)，按照“選題動(dòng)機(jī)——大型公共項(xiàng)目全壽命周期的可持續(xù)性是什么——如何在全壽命周期中評(píng)價(jià)和改善大型公共項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)性——總結(jié)”的思路開(kāi)展研究。 在理論方面，以全壽命周期理論和生物學(xué)中的共生理論為指導(dǎo)，提出“需求—過(guò)程—結(jié)果”的分析模式以及“需求—目標(biāo)—約束”的大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性發(fā)展和實(shí)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制，并應(yīng)用解析結(jié)構(gòu)模型ISM的方法，對(duì)可持續(xù)性六個(gè)維度的內(nèi)在關(guān)系進(jìn)行探索和分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目治理和資源利用有著最為基礎(chǔ)和重要的作用，在維度體系中二者的驅(qū)動(dòng)力達(dá)到40%，依賴性僅為8%；經(jīng)濟(jì)維度、環(huán)境維度和社會(huì)維度受其他維度的影響較大，依賴性總和達(dá)到72%，而它們對(duì)其他維度的作用并不十分顯著，三者的驅(qū)動(dòng)力總和也僅為44%；而健康與安全對(duì)其他維度的驅(qū)動(dòng)作用和受其他維度的影響程度相當(dāng)。同時(shí)，大型公共項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)性在決策階段側(cè)重實(shí)現(xiàn)決策的公開(kāi)透明和科學(xué)合理，在設(shè)計(jì)階段側(cè)重實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性的設(shè)計(jì)，在建設(shè)階段滿足可持續(xù)建造和綠色施工的要求，在運(yùn)營(yíng)階段的工作需要滿足可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)的要求，側(cè)重于綠色建筑的范疇，退出使用階段的工作在實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色施工的基礎(chǔ)上，強(qiáng)調(diào)循環(huán)再生型回收方式的使用。 在評(píng)價(jià)方法和模型方面，本文通過(guò)計(jì)算各維度可持續(xù)性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的算術(shù)平均值之和來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)大型公共項(xiàng)目整體的可持續(xù)性，并將可持續(xù)性的六個(gè)維度分為了定量維度和定性維度。對(duì)于定量維度，應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目財(cái)務(wù)凈現(xiàn)值率評(píng)價(jià)經(jīng)濟(jì)維度的可持續(xù)性，選用生態(tài)足跡分析法評(píng)價(jià)環(huán)境維度的可持續(xù)性。對(duì)于定性維度，本文建立了各維度可持續(xù)性的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，并選用不同的綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法將定性問(wèn)題進(jìn)行定量化轉(zhuǎn)換：在使用熵權(quán)法計(jì)算指標(biāo)權(quán)重的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用灰色聚類分析評(píng)價(jià)社會(huì)維度的可持續(xù)性，應(yīng)用云模型評(píng)價(jià)資源利用維度的可持續(xù)性，選擇模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法評(píng)價(jià)健康與安全維度的可持續(xù)性，使用可拓綜合評(píng)價(jià)法評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目治理維度的可持續(xù)性。這些評(píng)價(jià)方法和模型組成了本文大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系。 在應(yīng)用方面，本文在對(duì)大型公共項(xiàng)目各維度和整體可持續(xù)性的評(píng)價(jià)方法建模的同時(shí)，針對(duì)影響可持續(xù)性的因素進(jìn)行了一些假設(shè)，通過(guò)公式推導(dǎo)和理論分析檢驗(yàn)了這些假設(shè)的真?zhèn)�。在此基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)情況和問(wèn)題，本文針對(duì)大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的各維度提出了可持續(xù)性改善的具體途徑，并從外部環(huán)境方面提出了改善大型公共項(xiàng)目整體可持續(xù)性的方法。 最后，通過(guò)對(duì)廣州某亞運(yùn)項(xiàng)目的案例研究，展示了大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系的使用方法，表明了它們能夠比較客觀地反應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象的情況。同時(shí)本文應(yīng)用大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的改善途徑，針對(duì)該項(xiàng)目提出了具體的可持續(xù)性改善辦法。案例研究結(jié)果顯示，該亞運(yùn)項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)性通過(guò)改善措施得到了顯著的提高。案例研究是對(duì)本文理論、模型和分析的證明。 基于上述的研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)，以共生理論為支撐的大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的內(nèi)在機(jī)制提供了基礎(chǔ)，評(píng)價(jià)維度的內(nèi)在關(guān)系有助于利益相關(guān)者更好地把握工作重點(diǎn)，而大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系和改善途徑是評(píng)價(jià)和改善大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的科學(xué)、有效的工具。本文在理論上探索了大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的內(nèi)涵和構(gòu)成，在實(shí)踐上提供了可操作性較強(qiáng)的大型公共項(xiàng)目可持續(xù)性的評(píng)價(jià)與改善的方法。
[Abstract]:Large-scale public projects are important means to improve the quality of life of the people, undertaking the important task of producing and providing public goods and services for the whole society, and are the benchmark projects in the construction industry. However, it is not optimistic. The sustainability of large-scale public projects, especially non-profit large-scale public projects, is unsatisfactory. Some problems have arisen in the process of decision-making, investment, construction and use. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate the sustainability of large-scale public projects, improve and enhance the sustainability of projects has become one. The answer to this question will help to enhance the sustainability of the entire construction industry, help to intensive and rational use of public resources, and thus contribute to the construction of a harmonious society and a "two-oriented" society.
This paper chooses large-scale public projects with huge investment quota, far-reaching social impact and strong industry demonstration as the research object. On the basis of considering the demands of stakeholders, it divides the whole life cycle of large-scale public projects into five stages: decision-making, design, construction, operation and withdrawal from use. From six dimensions, namely, economic dimension, environmental dimension, and society. Meetings dimension, resource utilization dimension, health and safety dimension, and project governance dimension, combined with the sustainability of large-scale public projects in each dimension of the characteristics of its measurement, and the improvement of its sustainability are discussed. The motive of choosing topic-what is the sustainability of the life cycle of large-scale public projects-how to evaluate and improve the sustainability of large-scale public projects in the life cycle-summarize the idea of carrying out research.
In theory, under the guidance of life cycle theory and Symbiosis Theory in biology, this paper puts forward the analysis model of "demand-process-result" and the internal mechanism of sustainable development and Realization of "demand-goal-constraint" large-scale public projects, and applies the method of analytical structure model ISM to six dimensions of sustainability. By exploring and analyzing the intrinsic relationship between project governance and resource utilization, we find that project governance and resource utilization play the most fundamental and important roles. The driving force of the two dimensions is 40% and the dependence is only 8%. Economic dimension, environmental dimension and social dimension are greatly influenced by other dimensions, and the total dependence is 72%. However, they do other dimensions. The total driving force of these three factors is only 44%, while the driving effect of health and safety on other dimensions is comparable to that of other dimensions. It is designed that the construction phase meets the requirements of sustainable construction and green construction, the operation phase needs to meet the requirements of sustainable production, focusing on the category of green buildings, and the withdrawal phase emphasizes the use of recycling recycling methods on the basis of green construction.
In terms of evaluation methods and models, this paper evaluates the overall sustainability of large-scale public projects by calculating the sum of the arithmetic mean values of the results of each dimension, and divides the six dimensions of sustainability into quantitative dimension and qualitative dimension. For the qualitative dimension, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of the sustainability of each dimension, and uses different comprehensive evaluation methods to quantify the qualitative problem: on the basis of using entropy weight method to calculate the index weight, the grey clustering analysis is used to evaluate the qualitative dimension. The sustainability of the dimension of price society is evaluated by cloud model, the sustainability of the dimension of resource utilization is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the sustainability of the dimension of project governance is evaluated by extension comprehensive evaluation method. Comprehensive evaluation system.
In the aspect of application, while modeling the evaluation methods of various dimensions and overall sustainability of large-scale public projects, this paper makes some assumptions about the factors that affect sustainability, and tests the authenticity of these assumptions through formula deduction and theoretical analysis. Each dimension of project sustainability puts forward specific ways to improve sustainability, and puts forward methods to improve the overall sustainability of large-scale public projects from the external environment.
Finally, through a case study of an Asian Games project in Guangzhou, the paper shows the use method of the comprehensive evaluation system of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and shows that they can objectively reflect the situation of the evaluation objects. The results of the case study show that the sustainability of the Asian Games project has been significantly improved through the improvement measures. The case study is the proof of the theory, model and analysis of this paper.
Based on the above research contents and results, this paper finds that the symbiosis theory provides the basis for the internal mechanism of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and the internal relationship of evaluation dimension helps stakeholders to better grasp the focus of work, while the comprehensive evaluation system and improvement approach of the sustainability of large-scale public projects are evaluation and improvement. This paper theoretically explores the connotation and composition of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and in practice provides an operable method for the evaluation and improvement of the sustainability of large-scale public projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU201.5;TU71

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