本文選題：生態(tài)敏感性 + 景觀格局�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國新型城鎮(zhèn)化不斷推進的宏觀背景下,村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)面臨諸多矛盾與問題,其中最重要的就是新的增長模式需求下的區(qū)域環(huán)境資源的生態(tài)開發(fā)利用,與傳統(tǒng)模式下既已形成的村鎮(zhèn)空間與生態(tài)格局之間的矛盾。國家“十二五”規(guī)劃對村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)提出了具體的要求,在充分利用自然資源的同時,協(xié)調(diào)村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)與生態(tài)環(huán)境的平衡發(fā)展。因此,本文以朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為例,從村鎮(zhèn)整體生態(tài)空間環(huán)境出發(fā),運用生態(tài)評價與景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的相關(guān)原理與分析方法,試圖探索村鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)環(huán)境問題更科學(xué)、更準確的判斷與應(yīng)對新方法。本文首先明確了課題的必要性和研究目的,在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了國內(nèi)外相關(guān)生態(tài)評價、生態(tài)敏感性評價、景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、景觀格局等理論與方法的研究與實踐,明確與本研究相關(guān)的知識領(lǐng)域,并對研究結(jié)果進行總結(jié)與對比,探討其綜合運用的可能性與意義。通過對朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基礎(chǔ)資料(主要是生態(tài)環(huán)境)的研究與總結(jié),建立了基于GIS的朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)鎮(zhèn)域數(shù)據(jù)庫,并通過對生態(tài)敏感性與景觀格局理論的研究,探討二者耦合的可行性與方法,提出了敏感性景觀格局這一概念的內(nèi)涵與生態(tài)意義。其次,對朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)敏感性進行評價,選取對朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)具有代表性和重要性的生態(tài)因子作為評價指標,通過專家打分和引入判斷因子的方法對指標進行權(quán)重賦值,構(gòu)建了朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)敏感性評價體系,將評價結(jié)果通過敏感性地圖的方式進行表達,與朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)景觀斑塊分布融合形成生態(tài)敏感度景觀斑塊。最后,將敏感度景觀斑塊導(dǎo)入Fragstats中進行空間分析與統(tǒng)計,選取五大類景觀格局指數(shù)進行格局運算,對運算結(jié)果進行分析統(tǒng)計并賦予其生態(tài)敏感性的意義,將朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)森林基質(zhì)、交通與水系廊道、農(nóng)田與村鎮(zhèn)斑塊以及鎮(zhèn)域綜合的景觀組成與構(gòu)型特征進行量化表達,并以這些特征為依據(jù),從生態(tài)學(xué)的角度對朗鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)環(huán)境相關(guān)問題提出一系列應(yīng)對與解決的策略。村鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)的保護與修復(fù)是實現(xiàn)我國新型城鎮(zhèn)化的必要條件,然而不同村鎮(zhèn)的實際情況因其自然環(huán)境條件或資源利用方式的不同也各有差異,在進行生態(tài)規(guī)劃與建設(shè)的過程中,需要考慮多種因素的綜合作用,并利用科學(xué)客觀的方法,明確村鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)過程與結(jié)果中本質(zhì)與核心的癥結(jié)所在。本文嘗試通過生態(tài)敏感性評價與景觀格局分析的結(jié)合,尋求適用于特定村鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的分析與解決問題的系統(tǒng)方法,為我國村鎮(zhèn)實現(xiàn)生態(tài)平衡與健康發(fā)展做出貢獻。
[Abstract]:In the macro background of the new urbanization in China, the construction of villages and towns faces many contradictions and problems, the most important of which is the ecological development and utilization of regional environmental resources under the demand of the new growth model. The contradiction between the space and ecological pattern of villages and towns formed under the traditional mode. The 12th Five-Year Plan of the State has put forward specific requirements for the construction of villages and towns, while making full use of natural resources, coordinating the balanced development of the construction of villages and towns with the ecological environment. Therefore, based on the whole ecological space environment of villages and towns, this paper takes Longxiang as an example, applies the relative principles and analysis methods of ecological evaluation and landscape ecology, and tries to explore the ecological environment problems of villages and towns more scientifically. More accurate judgment and response to the new methods. In this paper, firstly, the necessity and purpose of the research are defined. Based on this, the theories and methods of ecological evaluation, ecological sensitivity assessment, landscape ecology, landscape pattern and so on at home and abroad are studied and put into practice. The related knowledge fields are defined, and the research results are summarized and compared, and the possibility and significance of their comprehensive application are discussed. Based on the research and summary of the basic data (mainly the ecological environment) of the villages and towns, the database of the township and town area based on GIS is established, and the feasibility and method of the coupling of the two are discussed through the research on the theory of ecological sensitivity and landscape pattern. The connotation and ecological significance of the concept of sensitive landscape pattern are put forward. Secondly, the ecological sensitivity of Lang Township is evaluated, and the representative and important ecological factors are selected as the evaluation index, and the weights of the indexes are assigned by the method of expert scoring and the introduction of judgment factors. The evaluation system of ecological sensitivity of long villages and towns was constructed. The results were expressed by sensitivity map and fused with the distribution of landscape patches in long villages and towns to form ecological sensitive landscape patches. Finally, the sensitive landscape patches were introduced into Fragstats for spatial analysis and statistics, and five major landscape pattern indices were selected for pattern operation. The results were analyzed and counted and the significance of ecological sensitivity was assigned to the forest matrix. Traffic and water corridors, patches of farmland, villages and towns, as well as the landscape composition and configuration characteristics of towns and villages are expressed quantitatively, and based on these characteristics, From the angle of ecology, this paper puts forward a series of countermeasures to solve the problems related to ecological environment in long villages and towns. The protection and restoration of village and town ecology is a necessary condition to realize the new urbanization in our country. However, the actual situation of different villages and towns is different from each other because of their natural environment conditions or the different ways of using resources, in the process of ecological planning and construction. It is necessary to consider the comprehensive action of various factors and to make clear the crux of the essence and core of the ecological process and result of the village and town by using scientific and objective methods. Through the combination of ecological sensitivity assessment and landscape pattern analysis, this paper attempts to seek a systematic method for the analysis and solution of the ecological system in particular villages and towns, and to contribute to the realization of ecological balance and healthy development of villages and towns in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU984.1;P901

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本文編號：2068105