本文選題：城市 + 公共空間��； 參考：《中南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市公共空間是居民開展室外活動的重要場所。隨著城市用地日趨緊張,如何提高城市公共空間的利用率,已成為各地政府和居民關注的焦點問題。影響其利用率的關鍵因素是城市公共空間的熱舒適性,而熱舒適程度則主要取決于所處的熱環(huán)境。因此,開展城市公共空間熱環(huán)境及舒適性的研究對于建設高品質的公共空間具有重要意義。 夏熱冬冷地區(qū)城市公共空間的熱環(huán)境全年變化明顯,進而導致人體熱舒適變化較大。本文以長沙市(夏熱冬冷地區(qū))為例,根據公共空間物理結構的差異,選取典型城市公共空間(公園、街道、廣場、校園)進行全年熱環(huán)境測量和熱舒適問卷調查。結合測量數據和問卷調查結果,采用統(tǒng)計學分析方法處理數據,進行公共空間熱環(huán)境及熱舒適研究。 研究首先對影響人體熱舒適的四個重要熱環(huán)境參數(空氣溫度、相對濕度、黑球溫度和風速)進行分析,得到公共空間熱環(huán)境的季節(jié)特征,并解釋了引起熱環(huán)境特征差異的原因。其次分析了不同物理結構(植被、水體、下墊面材質等)對公共空間局部熱環(huán)境的影響規(guī)律。最后將熱環(huán)境與人體熱舒適相結合,分析公共空間熱環(huán)境對熱舒適分布特征的影響,討論影響熱舒適的主要因素空氣溫度與熱感覺的關系,并利用physiological equivalent temperature(PET)評價指標作為生理依據,獲得不同公共空間的中性PET值。 研究結果表明：不同公共空間的熱環(huán)境存在較為明顯的差異；綠化對局部熱環(huán)境具有顯著影響,一方面降低周圍溫度增加濕度,另一方面樹木阻隔氣流,降低風速,遮陰作用又顯著降低太陽輻射強度；水體具有降溫加濕的作用,下墊面材質類型對濕度有顯著影響；室外人體熱感覺受熱環(huán)境影響較大,公共空間熱環(huán)境特征的差異導致熱感覺投票差異明顯；公共空間熱環(huán)境的差異導致中性空氣溫度差異明顯,不同季節(jié)各測點的中性PET也存在差異。 論文研究表明城市公共空間的設計應針對當地自然氣候特征,利用合適的物理結構因素(植物、水體、建筑等),實現(xiàn)對公共空間局部熱環(huán)境的合理調節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Urban public space is an important place for residents to carry out outdoor activities. With the increasing shortage of urban land use, how to improve the utilization rate of urban public space has become the focus of attention of local governments and residents. The key factor affecting the utilization rate is the thermal comfort of the urban public space, and the thermal comfort degree mainly depends on the thermal environment in which it is located. Therefore, the research on thermal environment and comfort of urban public space is of great significance to the construction of high quality public space. The thermal environment of urban public space in hot summer and cold winter area changes obviously throughout the year, which leads to great changes in thermal comfort of human body. Taking Changsha city (hot summer and cold winter area) as an example, according to the difference of physical structure of public space, this paper selects typical urban public space (park, street, square, campus) to conduct annual thermal environment measurement and thermal comfort questionnaire. Based on the survey data and questionnaire results, the thermal environment and thermal comfort of public space were studied by means of statistical analysis. Firstly, four important thermal environment parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, black sphere temperature and wind speed) that affect the thermal comfort of human body are analyzed, and the seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in public space are obtained. The reasons for the difference of thermal environmental characteristics are also explained. Secondly, the influence of different physical structures (vegetation, water body, underlying surface material, etc.) on the local thermal environment of public space is analyzed. Finally, by combining thermal environment with thermal comfort of human body, the influence of thermal environment in public space on thermal comfort distribution is analyzed, and the relationship between air temperature and thermal sensation, which is the main factor influencing thermal comfort, is discussed. The neutral PET values of different public spaces were obtained by using the physiological equivalent temperature index as physiological basis. The results show that there are obvious differences in the thermal environment between different public spaces, and greening has a significant effect on the local thermal environment. On the one hand, it reduces the ambient temperature and increases the humidity, on the other hand, the trees block the air flow and reduce the wind speed. The shading effect also significantly reduced the solar radiation intensity; the water body had the effect of cooling and humidifying, and the material type of the underlying surface had a significant effect on the humidity; the outdoor human body thermal feeling was greatly affected by the heat environment. The difference of thermal environment in public space leads to the difference of thermal sensation voting, and the difference of thermal environment in public space leads to the difference of neutral air temperature, and the difference of neutral PET in different seasons. The research shows that the design of urban public space should be based on the local natural climate characteristics, and make use of the appropriate physical structure factors (plants, water bodies, buildings, etc.) to realize the rational adjustment of local thermal environment of public space.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU111

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本文編號：1984929