本文選題：軟巖 + 膠乳水泥�。� 參考：《青島科技大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：復雜地質條件下深部軟巖蠕變規(guī)律及其破壞機理的研究是地下工程的開展和深部圍巖的支護等實際問題有深遠的意義。隨著地下工程和礦產(chǎn)開采不斷向更深部發(fā)展,淺層巖石蠕變理論和相關經(jīng)驗已不能滿足生產(chǎn)實際的需要。深部軟巖面臨的環(huán)境更加復雜,高溫、復雜應力場、多介質等因素均影響其蠕變行為,蠕變試驗開展難度大且時間周期長,影響蠕變的參數(shù)難以確定。相似試驗為地下巖土工程的研究提供了一個新的方法,利用模型試驗的方式對軟巖蠕變行為進行模擬,可以迅速、經(jīng)濟的確定影響軟巖蠕變的主要因素。本文擬尋求一種低彈性模量的相似材料以模擬軟巖的蠕變特征。以相似準則為依據(jù)進行的模型試驗,可以通過原型和相似材料的蠕變試驗力學參數(shù),建立兩者之間的規(guī)律性。首先通過調整不同配比的膠乳水泥進行試驗,并將模型試驗結果與原型的試驗參數(shù)比對,確定適合的相似材料：繼而進行相似材料的蠕變試驗反推軟巖的蠕變規(guī)律和破壞機理。 課題以國家自然科學基金“瀝青、橡塑、軟巖流變軟化理論及相似模擬的研究”(51074094)等為背景進行研究。通過對軟巖相似模型試驗所遵循的相似準則推導確立了相似試驗的相似指標,并以此為理論依據(jù)指導相似材料的配比和相似試驗的開展。以丁苯膠乳為膠結劑的膠乳水泥配制相似材料,通過相關力學試驗確定適合模擬軟巖蠕變特性的配比,確定相似材料的養(yǎng)護方式和試驗方法；通過動態(tài)力學頻譜試驗研究了溫度對蠕變行為的影響；通過電鏡試驗對軟巖及相似材料蠕變的微觀形貌及破壞發(fā)生的微觀特征進行研究；確定了軟巖溫度-應力條件下的蠕變模型并對原型和模型的參數(shù)進行擬合；結合工程實際,利用FLAC進行了蠕變數(shù)值模擬,證明膠乳水泥可能較好的模擬軟巖的蠕變行為。試驗結果、參數(shù)擬合及數(shù)值模擬結果得到了相互驗證,且符合相似準則。結果證明,所研制的相似材料可以較好的模擬軟巖的蠕變規(guī)律。對該材料開展更多的試驗,來尋求軟巖的蠕變規(guī)律,可用于指導工程實際工作。本文開展的具體研究工作如下： 1.以相似理論為理論依據(jù),通過量綱分析法推導軟巖線彈性階段和蠕變階段所遵循的相似準則,并考慮溫度、密度等對相似準則的影響。對獲得的相似判據(jù)進行研究,確定相似試驗所需要依賴的物理參量之間的相互關系,研究了溫度、時間、應力及密度等相似性對相似試驗開展可能造成的影響。該相似準則對相似材料的選取和配比的確定、相似試驗的開展起指導意義,并對相似試驗的結果進行驗證； 2.選擇以膠乳水泥作為模擬軟巖蠕變現(xiàn)象的相似材料。分別利用三種膠乳配制膠乳水泥試樣,分析作為相似材料的可行性,確定了以丁苯膠乳和水泥作為膠結料、以砂為骨料作為相似材料的主要組成部分；研究了相似材料的配比及制作過程中的養(yǎng)護、試驗條件；針對軟巖相似材料的特點及標準試樣的要求,設計了適合相似材料的專用模具及裝置,包括可調整機架及獨立模具,能夠較好的對試樣進行密實并頂出試樣。模具一體成型無接縫,克服了對開�？赡軐υ嚇釉斐傻哪＞邔硬粐烂�、難以壓實等不良影響。模具及裝置保證了制作相似材料的標準試樣的尺寸精確度,提高了試樣制作效率； 3.開展相似試驗。研究頁巖的基本力學性能及蠕變特征,并利用掃描電鏡對軟巖斷口進行觀測,從微觀結構分析軟巖的蠕變破壞機理：利用時溫等效理論推導了不同溫度下軟巖試驗的時間-蠕變關系和溫度-蠕變關系。對不同含砂量的丁苯膠乳水泥進行了單軸蠕變試驗,并利用動態(tài)力學頻譜儀對不同溫度、不同配比的材料進行蠕變試驗,研究了含砂量和溫度對蠕變曲線的影響,通過對比確定了以水泥：膠乳：砂為1：0.2：2的膠乳水泥作為軟巖相似材料。該材料兼具水泥的強度和膠乳的良好蠕變性能,可以較好的模擬軟巖的蠕變破壞規(guī)律,原型和模型有較高的相似性；同時證明了膠乳水泥具有較高的溫敏性,含砂量過大時,膠乳水泥的抗壓強度反而下降。電鏡試驗也表明,膠乳水泥和軟巖在微觀結構和破壞方式上有一定的相似性。 4.在研究軟巖和相似材料蠕變規(guī)律的基礎上,推導了Burgers模型的本構方程和蠕變方程,利用Oringin軟件對試驗參數(shù)進行擬合并獲得蠕變主要物理參量的數(shù)值；以三維Burgers模型為蠕變模型,擬合了不同溫度下的移位因子,并建立了同一應力條件下任意溫度下軟巖的蠕變柔量表達式。 5.利用FLAC軟件蠕變模塊中的Burgers模型對單軸蠕變試驗和工程巷道進行數(shù)值模擬,證明20℃的膠乳水泥試驗參數(shù)可較好的模擬50℃的軟巖蠕變規(guī)律；通過巷道數(shù)值模擬驗證了原型和模型的蠕變位移、應力分布和蠕變速率等符合相似準則。也證明了試驗、擬合參數(shù)和數(shù)值模擬結果等與相似準則具備較高的一致性；結果表明膠乳水泥可以較好的模擬原型的蠕變規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:The study on the creep law of deep soft rock and its failure mechanism under complex geological conditions is of profound significance to the development of underground engineering and the support of deep surrounding rock. With the development of underground engineering and mineral exploitation, the creep theory and related experience of the shallow rock can not meet the needs of production practice. The environment of rock is more complex, high temperature, complex stress field, multi medium and other factors all affect its creep behavior. The creep test is difficult and time period is long and the creep parameters are difficult to be determined. Similar test provides a new method for the study of underground geotechnical engineering. Line simulation can quickly and economically determine the main factors affecting the creep of soft rock. This paper intends to find a similar material with low modulus of elasticity to simulate the creep characteristics of soft rock. The model test based on the similarity criterion can establish the regularity between the prototype and the creep test parameters of similar materials. The latex cement with different proportions was tested, and the model test results were compared with the experimental parameters of the prototype to determine the suitable similar materials. The creep test of similar materials was carried out to reverse the creep law and failure mechanism of the soft rock.
The subject takes the National Natural Science Fund "asphalt, rubber, plastic, soft rock rheology and softening theory and similar simulation study" (51074094) as the background to study. The similarity criterion of similar test is established by the similarity criterion derived from the similar model test of soft rock, and it is used as the theoretical basis to guide the ratio and similar test of similar materials. The similar material was prepared by the latex cement of styrene butadiene latex as the cementing agent. The ratio of the creep properties suitable for the simulated soft rock was determined by the related mechanical test, the curing mode and the test method of the similar materials were determined. The effect of temperature on the creep behavior was studied by dynamic mechanical spectrum test, and the soft rock and the soft rock were tested by electron microscope test. The microscopic morphology of the similar material creep and the microscopic characteristics of the failure are studied. The creep model under the temperature stress condition of the soft rock is determined and the parameters of the prototype and the model are fitted. The creep numerical simulation is carried out by FLAC, which proves that the latex cement may well simulate the creep behavior of the soft rock. The results show that the results of parameter fitting and numerical simulation are verified and accords with the similarity criterion. The results show that the similar material can be used to simulate the creep law of soft rock better. More experiments are carried out to the material to seek the creep law of soft rock, and it can be used to guide the practical work of the project. Below:
1. using the similarity theory as the theoretical basis, the similarity criterion followed by the elastic and creep stages of the soft rock line is derived by the dimensional analysis method, and the influence of the temperature and density on the similar criteria is considered. The similarity criterion obtained is studied to determine the relationship between the parameters of the physical and physical parameters that the similar test needs to be dependent on, and the temperature is studied. The similarity of stress and density may affect the similarity test. The similarity criterion is of guiding significance to the selection of similar materials, the determination of the ratio of similar materials, the development of similar tests, and the verification of the results of similar tests.
2. choose latex cement as a similar material to simulate the creep of soft rock. Using three kinds of latex to prepare latex cement samples, the feasibility of being used as similar material is analyzed. The main components of the similar material are styrene butadiene latex and cement as cementing material and sand as aggregate. The ratio and production of similar materials are studied. In the process of maintenance, test conditions, in view of the characteristics of similar materials of soft rock and the requirements of standard samples, special moulds and devices suitable for similar materials are designed, including adjustable frame and independent die, which can be better to compact and top out the specimen. The mould and device guarantee the size accuracy of the standard samples made of similar materials and improve the production efficiency of the sample.
3. carry out similar experiments. Study the basic mechanical properties and creep characteristics of shale, and observe the fracture of soft rock by scanning electron microscope and analyze the creep failure mechanism of soft rock from microstructure: the time creep relationship and temperature creep relationship of soft rock under different temperatures are derived by using the time temperature equivalence theory. The uniaxial creep test of styrene latex cement was carried out, and the creep tests of materials with different temperatures and different proportions were carried out by dynamic mechanical spectrum analyzer. The effects of sand content and temperature on the creep curves were studied. By comparison, cement: latex: latex cement as 1:0.2:2 was used as a similar material for soft rock. The strength of the mud and the good creep property of the latex can better simulate the law of the creep failure of the soft rock, and the prototype and the model have high similarity. At the same time, it is proved that the latex cement has high temperature sensitivity, and the compressive strength of latex cement decreases when the content of sand is too large. The electric mirror test also shows that the latex cement and soft rock are in the micro junction. There is a certain similarity in the way of destruction and destruction.
4. based on the study of the creep law of soft rock and similar materials, the constitutive equation and creep equation of the Burgers model are derived. The numerical values of the main physical parameters are obtained by using the Oringin software to obtain the main physical parameters of the creep. The three-dimensional Burgers model is used as the creep model, and the displacement factors at different temperatures are fitted, and the same one is established. Creep compliance expression of soft rock at any temperature under stress condition.
5. using the Burgers model in the FLAC software creep module to simulate the uniaxial creep test and the engineering roadway, it is proved that the test parameters of the latex cement at 20 C can better simulate the creep law of the soft rock at 50 C, and the creep displacement of the prototype and the model is verified by the numerical simulation of the tunnel, and the stress distribution and the creep rate are similar to the similar quasi accurate. It is also proved that the test, the fitting parameters and the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the similar criteria, and the results show that the latex cement can better simulate the creep law of the prototype.
【學位授予單位】：青島科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU45

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