本文選題：閩西客家 + 古村落��； 參考：《華僑大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過對大德客家古村落空間營造對水體環(huán)境的適應性研究，深度挖掘了閩西客家古村落對水體環(huán)境的適應智慧，揭秘了一副尚未得到充分認識的古村落文化景觀。本研究有助于開辟客家地域古村落研究、鄉(xiāng)村生態(tài)學研究的視域，拓展客家土樓建筑研究的學術視角。本課題是2013福建省自然科學基金項目《福建傳統(tǒng)建筑生態(tài)技術基礎及再利用研究》的分項基礎工作，研究成果可為日后閩西客家地區(qū)古村落傳統(tǒng)生態(tài)技術的當代利用提供參考，為當?shù)匦麓褰ㄔO對水體環(huán)境的應用提供借鑒，也可為相應村落保護工作的開展提供啟發(fā)。 在課題研究過程中，以復雜科學、生態(tài)學等相關學說為指導，綜合運用田野調查、文獻考古、圖示分析、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計等實證方法，獲取一手材料，匯集成文。研究結果表明，基于閩西的水文背景及客家的移民文化等原因，，大德客家古村落空間營造，在與當?shù)厮w環(huán)境的適應過程中形成了有機、復雜、空間與水系緊密交織的規(guī)律。圍繞這一中心論點，文章將從以下三大部分展開研究： 第一，背景研究部分，從區(qū)域的角度探討了閩西客家古村落的衍生對區(qū)域水系的適應性。通過研究，其在縱向歷史衍生的過程中有沿水而遷的特點，在橫向空間層面上表現(xiàn)為因水制宜的交織布局。 第二，主體部分研究，主要從總體布局、建筑、道路、農田四個方面來揭示閩西客家古村落應對水體環(huán)境的緊密交織現(xiàn)象。在總體布局方面，探討了大德古村落總體布局在適應河溪網(wǎng)絡過程中產生的復雜共生的現(xiàn)象，具體表現(xiàn)在非線性的生成過程、復合交雜的結合方式、充滿矛盾的組織結構和模糊離散的表現(xiàn)形態(tài)等四個方面；在建筑方面，展示了大德古村落建筑在客家復雜水體環(huán)境的影響下產生的多元景象；在道路方面，闡述了大德古村落道路在適應水流路徑時的被動適應特征；在農田方面，揭示了大德古村落農田灌溉方式對自然水源集約利用的現(xiàn)象。 第三，相關比較及啟示。通過與閩南、江浙地區(qū)古村落的對比，突出閩西客家古村落適應水體環(huán)境的緊密交織的特點；通過與當?shù)乜图倚麓宓膶Ρ�，反思當代新農村建設適應水體環(huán)境的機械方式。研究最后，還對當?shù)毓糯迓鋺獙λw環(huán)境的文化景觀的保護提出了若干導向性的建議。
[Abstract]:Through the study on the adaptability of the space construction of the ancient Hakka village to the water body environment, this paper deeply excavates the wisdom of the ancient Hakka village in the west of Fujian to adapt to the water body environment, and exposes a cultural landscape of the ancient village which has not been fully recognized. This study is helpful to open up the study of ancient villages in Hakka areas, to study rural ecology, and to expand the academic perspective of the study of Hakka earthen buildings. This topic is the basic work of 2013 Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project "Research on Ecological Technology basis and reuse of Fujian traditional Architecture". The research results can provide a reference for the contemporary utilization of traditional ecological technology of ancient villages in Hakka area of Western Fujian. It can provide reference for the application of local new village construction to the water environment, and can also provide inspiration for the corresponding village protection work. In the course of the subject research, guided by the theories of complex science, ecology and other related theories, field investigation, literature archaeology, graphic analysis, mathematical statistics and other empirical methods are used synthetically to obtain primary materials and compile documents. The results show that, based on the hydrological background and Hakka immigrant culture in the west of Fujian, the spatial construction of the ancient Hakka village in Dade has formed an organic, complex and closely intertwined pattern between the space and the water system in the process of adapting to the local water environment. Focusing on this central argument, the article will focus on the following three main parts: In the first part, the paper discusses the adaptability of the derivation of Hakka ancient villages to the regional water system from the regional point of view. Through the research, it has the characteristic of moving along the water in the process of the vertical historical derivation, and it is interwoven and arranged in the horizontal spatial level because of the suitable water system. Second, the main part of the study, mainly from the overall layout, architecture, roads, farmland to reveal the four aspects of ancient Hakka villages in Western Fujian to cope with the water environment of the close intertwined phenomenon. In the aspect of overall layout, this paper discusses the complex symbiotic phenomenon in the process of adapting to the river network in the overall layout of the ancient village of Dade, which is manifested in the nonlinear process of generation and the combination of complex and mixed ways. It is full of contradictory organizational structure and fuzzy and discrete performance form. In the aspect of architecture, it shows the pluralistic scene of the ancient village buildings in Dade under the influence of the complex water environment of Hakka, and in the aspect of roads, This paper expounds the passive adaptation characteristics of the road in Dade ancient village when it adapts to the flow path, and reveals the phenomenon of intensive utilization of natural water resources in farmland irrigation mode in Dade ancient village. Third, the relevant comparison and enlightenment. By comparing with the ancient villages in the south of Fujian and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, this paper highlights the closely intertwined characteristics of the ancient Hakka villages in the west of Fujian to adapt to the water environment, and through the comparison with the local Hakka new villages, reflects on the mechanical ways of the construction of the contemporary new countryside to adapt to the water environment. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to protect the cultural landscape of local ancient villages.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU982.29;TV213

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