非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)原地應(yīng)力測(cè)量方法的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究及應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-22 15:17
本文選題:ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)量 + 非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)柔量; 參考:《中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院》2014年博士論文
【摘要】:ASR法是近年發(fā)展起來(lái)的三維地應(yīng)力測(cè)量方法。5.12汶川地震后,我國(guó)首次引進(jìn)ASR方法用于科學(xué)鉆孔的原地應(yīng)力測(cè)量。ASR方法中非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)柔量如何確定,巖石的熱膨脹系數(shù)及溫度變化對(duì)ASR法測(cè)試結(jié)果的影響,ASR法測(cè)試結(jié)果的可靠性等問(wèn)題是需要深入實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究的重要問(wèn)題,它將影響ASR方法的深入發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用。本文在梳理國(guó)內(nèi)外原地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,詳細(xì)介紹了ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法的理論背景、發(fā)展歷程和應(yīng)用實(shí)例等,重點(diǎn)開(kāi)展了巖石非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)柔量和巖石熱膨脹系數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并以汶川地震科學(xué)鉆孔ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)量結(jié)果為例,分析了ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法的可靠性及影響因素,取得的主要進(jìn)展和成果如下: 1.在回顧國(guó)內(nèi)外原地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)梳理了ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)量方法的原理、測(cè)試設(shè)備及流程,給出了詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法及相關(guān)函數(shù)表達(dá)。指出巖石為均質(zhì)且各向同性粘彈性材料的前提下,測(cè)試材料和設(shè)備的精度及長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定性是決定測(cè)試結(jié)果好壞的關(guān)鍵。 2.非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)柔量是ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法中確定原地應(yīng)力大小的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。單軸應(yīng)力條件下ASR柔量實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明不同巖石的ASR柔量實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果不同,且剪切模式ASR柔量大于體積模式,剪切與體積模式非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)柔量的比值隨時(shí)間的增加逐漸趨于較小的變化范圍。ASR柔量與單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度、彈性模量等常規(guī)巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)之間符合指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系,在一定條件下,巖石的ASR柔量可通過(guò)常規(guī)巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)進(jìn)行估算。 3.溫度變化及巖石的熱膨脹系數(shù)是影響巖石非彈性恢復(fù)應(yīng)變測(cè)量結(jié)果的主要因索。建立了高精度中低溫巖石熱膨脹系數(shù)測(cè)試系統(tǒng),開(kāi)展了0~60℃條件下不同巖石的熱膨脹系數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,確定了8種不同巖石的熱膨脹系數(shù)的變化范圍為5.3~8.7×10-6/℃之間。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為分析ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法中溫度影響研究提供了基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),表明溫度對(duì)ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)量結(jié)果的影響不容忽視。1℃的溫度變化將引起約5~9個(gè)微應(yīng)變的測(cè)量誤差,保證溫度引起的誤差小于1個(gè)微應(yīng)變,ASR測(cè)量過(guò)程中的溫度波動(dòng)應(yīng)不大于±0.1℃。同時(shí)分析了樣品溫度平衡穩(wěn)定過(guò)程等對(duì)ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)試結(jié)果的影響。 4.以ASR法在汶川地震斷裂帶科學(xué)鉆孔中的成功應(yīng)用為例,分析了WFSD-1鉆孔原地應(yīng)力大小及方向隨深度的變化規(guī)律。在424~1173m深度范圍內(nèi)最大主應(yīng)力介于10.8~45.7MPa之間,中間主應(yīng)力介于10.4~29.4MPa之間,最小主應(yīng)力介于6~26MPa之間,最大主應(yīng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)方向?yàn)镹W51°。ASR法測(cè)試結(jié)果與其它方法獲取的地應(yīng)力測(cè)試結(jié)果基本吻合。對(duì)同一巖芯開(kāi)展了ASR變形測(cè)量及ASR柔量實(shí)驗(yàn),討論了ASR柔量對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果的影響。結(jié)果表明非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)柔量比值(Jas/Jav=2.9)與通常假設(shè)(Jas/Jav=2)條件下最大、中間和最小主應(yīng)力的誤差分別為6.3%、5.0%、4.0%。分析了非彈性應(yīng)變恢復(fù)柔量比值(Jas/Jav)與上應(yīng)力大小之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。 5.總結(jié)了時(shí)間、溫度、巖芯定向等因素對(duì)ASR法地應(yīng)力測(cè)量結(jié)果的影響,對(duì)ASR地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法的測(cè)試精度和可靠性進(jìn)行了總體評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試使用相對(duì)均質(zhì)且各向同性巖芯,測(cè)量中進(jìn)行恒溫控制,并采用巖芯掃描和測(cè)井進(jìn)行定陽(yáng),主應(yīng)力大小及方陽(yáng)的誤差可控制在±10%以內(nèi)。 ASR法同其他地應(yīng)力測(cè)試方法相比,具有成本低、效率高、適應(yīng)應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、且無(wú)測(cè)量深度限制等優(yōu)點(diǎn),只要能夠取地下深部的定向巖芯.即可進(jìn)行地應(yīng)力測(cè)量并取得可靠實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù):ASR方法將在地殼深部資源開(kāi)發(fā)、地下空間利用及地球動(dòng)力學(xué)研究中具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The ASR method is a three - dimensional crustal stress measurement method developed in recent years . After 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake , China first introduced the ASR method to measure the original geostress of the scientific borehole .
1 . On the basis of reviewing the current research situation of the original geostress test method at home and abroad , the principle , test equipment and flow of the method for measuring the stress of ASR are reviewed , and the detailed data processing method and relevant function expression are given . The accuracy and long - term stability of the test materials and equipment are the key to determine the test result .
2 . The non - elastic strain recovery compliance is the key parameter for determining the original geostress magnitude in the ASR stress test method . The experimental results of ASR flexibility under uniaxial stress show that the experimental results of ASR flexibility of different rocks are different , and the ratio of non - elastic strain recovery compliance of shear mode and volume pattern tends to be smaller over time . The ASR compliance is consistent with the exponential function between regular rock mechanics parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus . Under certain conditions , the ASR compliance of rock can be estimated by conventional rock mechanics parameters .
3 . The temperature change and the thermal expansion coefficient of rock are the main factors that influence the non - elastic recovery strain measurement of rock . The thermal expansion coefficient test system of low temperature rock in high precision is established . The experimental results show that the influence of temperature on the measurement results of ASR is 5.3 锝,
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