本文選題：交通噪聲　切入點：高層住宅　出處：《太原理工大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化的推進,城市聲環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀每況愈下。交通噪聲對居民的生活和工作均帶來了嚴重影響,臨街高層住宅受到的噪聲干擾更加嚴重,而且難以控制。臨街高層住宅由于其層數(shù)多、高度大、噪聲聲壓級高,從技術上采用傳統(tǒng)的綠化降噪、聲屏障降噪等均不太理想,對臨街高層住宅的外窗隔聲更是如此。采用目前的通風隔聲窗進行隔聲處理的時候,經(jīng)常由于隔聲窗的條件限制,產生了無法開窗通風、通風效果不明顯、機械設備二次噪聲干擾和造價過高等問題。本文針對人居環(huán)境的具體要求和城市規(guī)劃的特點,對隔聲窗的原理、聲屏障的原理、住宅的通風要求和窗戶的構造原理進行深入分析后,選用凸窗類型,對其頂部進行開口進行通風使用,并選用小型聲屏障進行開口處的聲衰減處理。經(jīng)過理論上的分析計算和試驗室實驗,對各項計算和測試的數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計與曲線分析后,取得了以下進展： (1)結合我國城市發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和人居聲環(huán)境要求,對城市噪聲類型進行分析,總結了影響臨街高層住宅的兩種主要噪聲聲源類型為點聲源和線聲源,并對其進行分別研究,從而明確了本次研究的具體對象。 (2)對隔聲窗的隔聲原理和聲屏障的衍射原理進行分析,總結出其各自的降噪特點,對凸窗頂部開口并附加小型聲屏障的方法進行理論分析,得出適合其理論研究的計算公式,并結合點聲源和線聲源兩種噪聲類型的特點,選擇適合各自特點的計算公式,從中得出了此類研究的具體方法。 (3)對頂部開口凸窗進行附加小型聲屏障后的理論計算,并對計算結果進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計和曲線圖分析總結,得出了在不同層高、不同頻率下的噪聲衰減趨勢,并進行對比分析,為臨街高層住宅的新型自然通風隔聲窗提供了有效性分析和選擇依據(jù)。 (4)對頂部開口凸窗附加小型聲屏障進行消聲試驗室實驗,通過對實驗測試數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析與對比分析,證明了這種隔聲原理能夠完整實現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)隔聲窗的隔聲效果。 (5)在證明其隔聲有效性后,結合窗戶的構造原理,對新型的自然通風隔聲窗進行構造條件分析和限定,總結了此類窗戶的使用條件和選型原則。同時,通過住宅自然通風的有關要求進行計算分析,證明了本次研究在實現(xiàn)其隔聲要求的前提下,也能夠很好解決住宅各個居室進行自然通風的需要。 本文的研究具有理論意義和社會經(jīng)濟意義,能夠解決目前我國臨街高層住宅的實際問題,可望推廣到飽受噪聲干擾的各個大城市的具體建設中去。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's social economy and the advancement of urbanization, the present situation of urban sound environment is getting worse and worse. The traffic noise has brought serious influence to the residents' life and work, and the noise interference of the high-rise residential buildings near the street is even more serious. And it is difficult to control. Because of its many storeys, high height and high noise pressure, the traditional greening and noise reduction and noise reduction by noise barrier are not ideal. This is especially true for the outside windows of high-rise residential buildings facing the street. When the current ventilation sound insulation windows are used for sound insulation treatment, often due to the condition of the sound insulation windows, it is impossible to open the windows, and the ventilation effect is not obvious. According to the specific requirements of human settlement environment and the characteristics of urban planning, the principle of sound window, the principle of sound barrier, and the principle of sound barrier are discussed in this paper. After deep analysis of the ventilation requirements and the construction principle of windows, the convex window type is selected for ventilation at the top of the building. The small noise barrier is used to deal with the sound attenuation at the opening. After theoretical analysis and laboratory experiment, the statistical and curve analysis of the data of each calculation and test are carried out, and the following progress is made:. 1) according to the present situation of urban development in China and the requirements of residential sound environment, this paper analyzes the types of urban noise, and summarizes that the two main types of noise sources are point sound source and line sound source, and studies them separately. Thus, the specific object of this study is clarified. (2) the principle of sound insulation and the diffraction principle of sound barrier are analyzed, and their respective characteristics of noise reduction are summarized. The theoretical analysis of the method of the top opening of the convex window and the addition of small noise barrier is carried out, and the calculation formula suitable for its theoretical research is obtained. Combining the characteristics of two kinds of noise types: point sound source and line sound source, the calculation formula suitable for each characteristic is selected, and the concrete method of this kind of research is obtained. (3) the theoretical calculation of the small noise barrier attached to the top opening convex window is carried out, and the results are analyzed and summarized by data statistics and curve analysis, and the trend of noise attenuation at different height and frequency is obtained, and the results are compared and analyzed. It provides an effective analysis and selection basis for the new type of natural ventilation sound insulation window of the high-rise residential building facing the street. (4) the experiment of adding a small noise barrier to the top convex window is carried out. Through the statistical analysis and comparative analysis of the experimental data, it is proved that this sound insulation principle can completely realize the sound insulation effect of the traditional sound insulation window. 5) after proving its sound insulation effectiveness, combined with the principle of window construction, this paper analyzes and limits the construction conditions of the new type of natural ventilation sound insulation window, summarizes the use conditions and selection principles of this kind of window, at the same time, Through the calculation and analysis of the requirements of natural ventilation in residential buildings, it is proved that this study can also solve the needs of natural ventilation in every living room under the premise of meeting the requirements of sound insulation. The research in this paper is of theoretical and social economic significance and can solve the practical problems of high-rise residential buildings on the street in our country at present. It is expected to be extended to the concrete construction of large cities which suffer from noise interference.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU228;TU112.41

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