本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電梯控制系統(tǒng) FPGA Verilog 指紋識別技術(shù)　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：課題基于FPGA的智能電梯控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計，針對我國城市化發(fā)展步伐加快，高層建筑及公共場所中對電梯需求快速增加的現(xiàn)實，對電梯的核心控制電路部分進行了研究。注意到我國電梯的輸出量年均增漲率一直保持在35%以上，今后很長的時間里仍會是全球電梯設(shè)備的制造核心和最大的電梯使用國家，年總生產(chǎn)值超過上千億人民幣，但我國自主品牌只占30%的市場比例,且大多數(shù)電梯在安全管理及智能化方面存在不足。為改變這種現(xiàn)狀，探索一種低功耗、智能化、高效、舒適安全的電梯系統(tǒng)，尤其在保證合法人員正常到達特定樓層，非相關(guān)人員不能�？吭摌菍�，實現(xiàn)不同樓層間物理隔離的目的，現(xiàn)提出了一種采用指紋識別技術(shù)來實現(xiàn)電梯自動上下和開關(guān)門的設(shè)計方案。其特點是使電梯只在指紋對應(yīng)層停留，外來人員和非相關(guān)人員不能打開其指紋未被設(shè)置樓層的電梯門，從而使位于不同樓層的住戶或公司間不會形成干擾，給用戶營造一種更加私人化的空間,因此具有較好的創(chuàng)新性。 采用UP TO DOWN的模塊化的設(shè)計方式，針對目前電梯控制部分的用戶使用銨鈕較多，控制部分時有故障發(fā)生的問題，提出采用開發(fā)周期短、設(shè)計成本低，設(shè)計靈活，穩(wěn)定性高等優(yōu)點的Altera公司的CycloneⅡ系列的FPGA芯片技術(shù)來改善電梯控制系統(tǒng)性能的方案。通過Verilog-HDL硬件描述語言完成系統(tǒng)各功能的設(shè)計，包括電梯控制器模塊、虛擬電梯模塊、信號輸入模塊、狀態(tài)顯示模塊。 電梯控制系統(tǒng)的主要要求為：（1）實現(xiàn)作為電梯控制系統(tǒng)的基本功能，響應(yīng)電梯內(nèi)外所有的按鍵請求，包括轎廂內(nèi)的請求指令和外部呼叫箱的召喚指令，所有指令將被自動存儲至寄存器內(nèi)，并按照運行方向優(yōu)先性原則，依次響應(yīng)，直至執(zhí)行完成后指令消除；（2）外呼控制開關(guān)裝置中，起始層由指紋識別器來控制電梯門開關(guān)，與原有錄入指紋庫的指紋信息進行指紋匹配，控制電梯直接到達設(shè)定的樓層，達到隔離各樓層空間，減少無關(guān)人員進入的目的，中間層外呼系統(tǒng)均有上下行按鈕，頂層只設(shè)下行按鈕；（3）電梯控制系統(tǒng)可根據(jù)指令需求，自行判定運行方向，比如同一時間段內(nèi)，同時存在上下行運行信號時，電梯會優(yōu)先響應(yīng)相同方向的指令信號，完成后自動響應(yīng)反方向的運行指令；（4）如果當前轎廂指令和外呼指令都不存在時，電梯會在設(shè)定的時間內(nèi)自行關(guān)閉電梯門和轎廂照明系統(tǒng)，重新回到等待狀態(tài)。 論文的研究工作主要體現(xiàn)在如下幾個方面：第一，對FPGA技術(shù)和指紋識別技術(shù)進行了研究，并以此為基礎(chǔ)進行了電梯控制核心部分電梯控制器的設(shè)計，，包括按鍵消抖處理、指紋識別解析、樓層判斷、運行狀態(tài)檢測、上下行控制、開關(guān)門控制、狀態(tài)顯示、超重報警、照明裝置等部分；電梯控制器模塊內(nèi)部采用有限狀態(tài)機方式，通過狀態(tài)機的運行來控制實現(xiàn)電梯控制器的動作，其中樓層判斷模塊可將前端輸入信號與當前樓層狀態(tài)進行比對，在電梯當前運行的基礎(chǔ)上,依照運行方向優(yōu)先的原則，從待執(zhí)行的請求信號指令內(nèi)自動選擇運行方向并執(zhí)行，并將樓層判斷的輸出端信號作為運行狀態(tài)機輸入端的運行指令信號，確保電梯系統(tǒng)的正常運行；第二，為實現(xiàn)電梯控制器在功能上的仿真，設(shè)計了虛擬電梯模塊，主要虛擬電梯的上下行及開關(guān)門動作；虛擬電梯模塊內(nèi)部含有電梯樓層寄存器，用來模擬電梯當前的運行狀態(tài)，并將輸出信號反饋給電梯控制器，以驅(qū)動電梯控制器的正常運行；第三，設(shè)計采用了按鍵輸入模式和指紋識別模式，實現(xiàn)方式均是將外部請求信號轉(zhuǎn)化為電梯運行的內(nèi)部控制指令；設(shè)計采用Biovo-C2指紋識別模塊，通過指紋登錄和指紋匹配過程來限制電梯使用者權(quán)限，若指紋庫中有相關(guān)指紋記錄，發(fā)送設(shè)定好的樓層信息給樓層判斷模塊；如果沒有相關(guān)指紋存儲信息，就不會發(fā)送開門指令，從而有效保障樓宇安全；第四，電梯顯示模塊通過驅(qū)動LED進行顯示，包括電梯運行樓層顯示和電梯開關(guān)門運行顯示兩部分；當電梯在某樓層時，相應(yīng)樓層的LED會亮起，體現(xiàn)電梯運行狀態(tài)；同時設(shè)置四個開關(guān)門指示LED，當?shù)竭_指示信號設(shè)定的樓層后，LED燈順次亮和順次滅，分別代表電梯開門與關(guān)門狀態(tài)；第五，用Verilog硬件描述語言編寫了硬件代碼，在集成軟件環(huán)境中經(jīng)過編譯和調(diào)試后，使用專用下載電纜下載到芯片中，仿真結(jié)果證明系統(tǒng)運行安全可靠，實現(xiàn)了功能要求和設(shè)計目標。
[Abstract]:Design of intelligent elevator control system based on FPGA, for the city to speed up the pace of development of our country, the rapid increase of lift the actual needs of high-rise buildings and public places, to lift the core control circuit is studied. Note that the output of China's average annual growth rate of elevator has remained above 35%, as well as in the future long time will still be the core of global manufacturing equipment and the largest elevator elevator use state, the total annual production value of more than 100 billion yuan, but China's own brands accounted for only 30% of the market share, and most of the elevator safety management and intelligent problems. In order to change the situation, explore a low power consumption, intelligent, efficient, comfortable and safe elevator system, especially in guaranteeing the legitimate normal personnel reaches a certain floor, non related personnel cannot be docked to the floor, to achieve different floor physical isolation purposes Now, this paper puts forward a design scheme to realize the automatic switch door and elevator using fingerprint recognition technology. Its characteristic is to stay in the elevator only fingerprint layer, foreign workers and non related personnel can not open the elevator door fingerprint is not set the floor, which is located in different floors of households or companies don't interfere, give the user to create a more personal space, so it has good innovation.
Using modular design method of UP TO DOWN, aiming at the elevator control part of the user to use more button, a fault occurs the control part, the short development cycle, low design cost, flexible design, high stability of the Altera company Cyclone series FPGA chip technology to improve the elevator control program the performance of the system. Through the Verilog-HDL hardware description language to complete the design of the function of the system, including the elevator controller module, virtual lift module, signal input module, the status display module.
The main requirements of the elevator control system is: (1) as the realization of the basic functions of the elevator control system, elevator and all the keys in response to requests, including carriage request instructions and external call box call instruction, all instructions will be automatically stored in a register, and in accordance with the running direction of the priority principle, in response, until after the completion of instruction elimination; (2) external control switch device, the starting layer consists of fingerprint identification device to control the elevator door switch, fingerprint matching fingerprint information and the original fingerprint database, set up to control the elevator directly to the floor, to isolate the floor space, reduce the irrelevant personnel into the purpose of the middle layer outbound system has up and down button, only the top down button; (3) the elevator control system according to the instruction requirements, determined by the running direction, such as the same time, at the same time there on For the operation signal when the instruction signal will lift priority in response to the same direction, after the completion of operation instructions automatically in response to the opposite direction; (4) if the current instruction and call instruction does not exist, will lift itself off the elevator door and the car lighting system in the set time, back to the waiting state.
The research work of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the FPGA technology and the fingerprint recognition technology is studied, and as a basis for the design of the elevator control core part of elevator controller, including key debounce processing, fingerprint analysis, floor judgment, running state detection, uplink and downlink control, door control, status display, overweight alarm, lighting device etc.; the elevator controller module by finite state machine, to control the realization of elevator controller action runs through the state machine, the floor judging module can be input signal compared with the current state of the floor, the elevator is currently running on the basis of priority, in accordance with the running direction the principle of signal from the request instruction to be executed automatically choose the direction and execution, and the output signal floor as judged by the operation of the state machine. The operation instruction signal input, to ensure the normal operation of the elevator system; second, for the simulation of elevator controller in function, design a virtual lift module, open and closed down the main virtual elevator; internal virtual lift module containing the elevator floor register, used to simulate the running state of the elevator, and the output signal back to the normal operation of the elevator controller, to drive the elevator controller; third, design uses a key input mode and fingerprint recognition mode, implementation is the external request signal into the internal control instruction of elevator; Biovo-C2 was used in the design of the fingerprint identification module, to limit the user login and lift through fingerprint fingerprint matching process. If relevant fingerprint records the fingerprint database, send the information set to the floor floor judging module; if not related to grain storage The information is not sent to open instruction, so as to ensure building safety; fourth, elevator display module for display through the LED driver, including the operation of the elevator floor display and elevator door opening and closing operation display two part; when the elevator in a floor, the floor of the LED will light up, reflect the running state of the elevator; at the same time set four open close LED indicator when reaching the set floor indication signal, LED lamp light and turn out sequentially, representing the elevator opened and closed state; fifth, using Verilog hardware description language of hardware code, compiled and debugged in the integrated software environment, using a dedicated download cable to download to the chip, the simulation results show that the system is safe and reliable, achieve the functional requirements and design goals.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU857

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