【摘要】：農(nóng)村金融是一個值得仔細(xì)研究和反復(fù)探討的問題。如何在嚴(yán)重的信息約束和抵押約束下構(gòu)建高效的農(nóng)村金融體系、不斷推動農(nóng)村金融深化？國外的實(shí)踐與經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得借鑒，我國也開始了新的探索。隨著新型農(nóng)村金融組織的出現(xiàn)和試點(diǎn)工作持續(xù)推進(jìn)，又有了新的問題：它們能否實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)化追求與支農(nóng)矛盾的協(xié)調(diào)？業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展是否可持續(xù)？在我國一些農(nóng)村地區(qū)出現(xiàn)的依靠民間力量自發(fā)組織起來的微小金融組織生存狀況怎樣？又該如何規(guī)范與引導(dǎo)？回答這些問題，需要從理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)層面比照各類新型農(nóng)村金融組織的運(yùn)作情況以及所發(fā)揮的實(shí)際功效，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出切實(shí)可行的發(fā)展思路，為農(nóng)村金融體系建設(shè)提供一個全新的政策選擇視角。 本論文首先是選題背景與意義、相關(guān)概念的界定以及研究思路與方法等。接著介紹農(nóng)村金融市場三種理論派別及信息不對稱理論，，學(xué)者專家關(guān)于微型金融和新型農(nóng)村金融組織的研究成果及簡要評價。在理論回顧與文獻(xiàn)綜述的基礎(chǔ)上，本論文對臺州新型農(nóng)村金融組織發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行脈絡(luò)梳理，分別就村鎮(zhèn)銀行、小額貸款公司、農(nóng)村資金互助社、扶貧資金互助會和民間自發(fā)性微型金融組織等五類新型農(nóng)村金融組織的設(shè)立、資金來源與運(yùn)用、風(fēng)險狀況等進(jìn)行分析，把握其發(fā)展模式與主要成效。然后，比較剖析臺州各類新型農(nóng)村金融組織可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)外部因素，外部因素包括批準(zhǔn)部門、法規(guī)制度、監(jiān)管方式、扶持政策等，內(nèi)部因素包括市場定位、資金組織、風(fēng)險管控、經(jīng)營成本等，認(rèn)為擔(dān)保方式以保證擔(dān)保為主、貸款以小額、短期為主是其共性生存法則，同時它們又有著各自的優(yōu)勢和劣勢，進(jìn)而得出內(nèi)生于農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的農(nóng)村互助合作金融組織具有低成本、高收益的特征，理應(yīng)在農(nóng)村金融體系中發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)地位作用。最后為對策建議，要實(shí)現(xiàn)新型農(nóng)村金融組織的全面可持續(xù)發(fā)展，既要在微觀上強(qiáng)化外部政策支持，完善內(nèi)部機(jī)制設(shè)計，更要在宏觀思路上堅持包容發(fā)展原則，用更低的社會成本和社會損失推動多層次、多主體、競爭充分的農(nóng)村金融體系的構(gòu)建。
[Abstract]:Rural finance is a problem worthy of careful study and repeated discussion. How to construct an efficient rural financial system under severe information constraints and mortgage constraints, and promote the deepening of rural finance? Foreign practice and experience is worth learning, China has also begun a new exploration. With the emergence of new rural financial organizations and the continuous promotion of the pilot work, there are new problems: can they realize the coordination between commercialization pursuit and supporting agriculture? Is business development sustainable? In some rural areas of China, the existence of micro-financial organizations that rely on private forces to organize themselves? How to regulate and guide? To answer these questions, we need to compare the operation of various new types of rural financial organizations and their practical effects from the theoretical and practical aspects, and put forward practical development ideas on this basis. For the rural financial system construction to provide a new perspective of policy choice. The first part of this paper is the background and significance of the topic, the definition of relevant concepts, and the research ideas and methods. Then it introduces the three theoretical schools of rural financial market and the theory of information asymmetry, the research results and brief evaluation of scholars and experts on micro-finance and new rural financial organizations. On the basis of theoretical review and literature review, this paper reviews the development of new rural financial organizations in Taizhou. This paper analyzes the establishment of five new types of rural financial organizations, such as mutual aid fund association and private voluntary micro-financial organization, the source and application of funds, the risk situation, and so on, so as to grasp its development model and main results. Then, comparing and analyzing the internal and external factors of the sustainable development of various new types of rural financial organizations in Taizhou, the external factors include the approval department, the legal system, the way of supervision, the supporting policy, etc. The internal factors include market orientation, fund organization, etc. Risk control, operating costs, etc., it is believed that the guarantee method is the main guarantee, the loan is small, the short-term is the common survival rule, and at the same time, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is concluded that rural cooperative financial organizations born in rural economy have the characteristics of low cost and high income, and should play a fundamental role in the rural financial system. Finally, in order to realize the overall sustainable development of the new rural financial organizations, we should strengthen the external policy support, perfect the internal mechanism design, and adhere to the principle of inclusive development in the macroscopic thinking. With lower social cost and social loss to promote the construction of multi-level, multi-agent, fully competitive rural financial system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.35

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