【摘要】：水稻為我國主要糧食作物，種植面積常年維持在3000萬公頃左右，占我國谷物種植總面積的30%，稻谷總產(chǎn)量約20000萬噸，占我國糧食總產(chǎn)量的40%。全國近60%的人口以稻米為主食，水稻在我國糧食生產(chǎn)中的作用不可替代，在糧食安全問題上也舉足輕重，而我國水稻種植機(jī)械化總體水平不高。在有限勞動(dòng)力及耕種面積約束下，水稻種植機(jī)械化是提高糧食產(chǎn)量的必經(jīng)之路。 缽苗移栽是水稻主要機(jī)械種植方式之一。缽苗移栽可充分利用光熱資源，提高作物復(fù)種指數(shù)，具有對氣候的補(bǔ)償作用和延長作物生育期的綜合效益，能有效地提高單產(chǎn)和作物的品質(zhì)，節(jié)約成本效果明顯，具有其他種植方式不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。移栽機(jī)構(gòu)作為水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)的核心工作部件，其性能優(yōu)劣直接決定了移栽機(jī)的整體水平�，F(xiàn)有移栽機(jī)構(gòu)工作機(jī)理和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，加工困難，作業(yè)質(zhì)量得不到保證，成為限制移栽機(jī)應(yīng)用和推廣的主要原因。如果能發(fā)明一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、作業(yè)質(zhì)量好、工作可靠、效率高的移栽機(jī)構(gòu)，這將解決水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)研制和推廣的難題，為我國水稻種植機(jī)械化水平的提高創(chuàng)造有利條件。 本文突破傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，成功設(shè)計(jì)了一種“共軛凸輪非圓行星輪系水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)”，具有獨(dú)立的自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，主要研究內(nèi)容如下： （1）通過對現(xiàn)有水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的工作機(jī)理和運(yùn)動(dòng)特性分析，指出旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)研究面臨的關(guān)鍵問題，即在實(shí)現(xiàn)取苗的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)栽植動(dòng)作，并針對旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)需要的工作軌跡進(jìn)行了探討。 （2）針對旋轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)所需滿足的工作軌跡復(fù)雜、折點(diǎn)多及突變大的特點(diǎn)，而單靠非圓齒輪傳動(dòng)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的問題，本文提出了一種“共軛凸輪非圓行星輪系水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)”（專利申號(hào)：201210421617.1），將非圓行星輪系的牽引運(yùn)動(dòng)與共軛凸輪形成的擺動(dòng)合理的疊加在一起，，促使移栽機(jī)構(gòu)形成類似企鵝形的靜工作軌跡。取秧段軌跡細(xì)長如鳥喙，能夠保證移栽臂將缽苗從缽盤中取出，栽植階段軌跡如同企鵝的身體，保證移栽臂有足夠行程將缽苗以一定姿態(tài)植入地里，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)缽苗移栽。機(jī)構(gòu)集取苗及植苗于一體，工作過程中傳動(dòng)連續(xù)、平穩(wěn)，沒有剛性沖擊，同時(shí)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，重量輕，振動(dòng)小，制造成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 （3）對機(jī)構(gòu)工作機(jī)理及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述，建立了共軛凸輪非圓行星輪系水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)模型，其中主要包括兩方面：非圓行星輪系牽引機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)學(xué)模型及擺動(dòng)共軛凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)學(xué)模型，并對機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)進(jìn)行了分析。 （4）以機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ)，自主開發(fā)了移栽機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助分析與優(yōu)化軟件系統(tǒng)（軟件登記號(hào)：2012R11L093174），詳細(xì)介紹各子軟件界面、功能模塊及特點(diǎn)�；谠撥浖�，成功解決了移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化、共軛凸輪結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及非圓齒輪加工問題。 （5）根據(jù)水稻缽苗移栽的農(nóng)藝要求，制定了機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)優(yōu)化目標(biāo)，并對機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)提出要求。對機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行了探討，并分析參數(shù)變化對移栽機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)特性及結(jié)構(gòu)性能的影響，為機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化指明方向。利用自主開發(fā)的分析與優(yōu)化軟件系統(tǒng)，優(yōu)化出移栽機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，較好地滿足水稻缽苗移栽農(nóng)藝要求及結(jié)構(gòu)要求。 （6）根據(jù)優(yōu)化得到的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，利用自主開發(fā)軟件，完成了移栽機(jī)構(gòu)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)及零部件的設(shè)計(jì)，并討論了設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)該注意的問題，最后在AutoCAD2008下完成機(jī)構(gòu)裝配圖和各零部件設(shè)計(jì)。 （7）借助UG軟件對移栽機(jī)構(gòu)零部件進(jìn)行三維建模及和虛擬裝配，并將三維模型導(dǎo)入到ADAMS中進(jìn)行了虛擬樣機(jī)仿真。將虛擬樣機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與自主開發(fā)的優(yōu)化軟件分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比，兩者的機(jī)構(gòu)工作軌跡、速度及加速度曲線高度一致。驗(yàn)證了理論計(jì)算的正確性，并為后續(xù)移栽機(jī)構(gòu)樣機(jī)加工提供有力保障。
[Abstract]:Rice is the main grain crop in China. The planting area is maintained at about 30 million hectares for a year, accounting for 30% of the total area of grain planting in China. The total output of rice is about 20 million tons, accounting for 40% of the total grain output in China. Nearly 60% of the population in China is the main food of rice, and the role of rice in grain production in China is not a substitute. It is also very important in the problem of food security, and the overall level of rice planting mechanization in China is not high. Under the constraints of limited labor force and cultivation area, rice planting mechanization is the only way to improve grain yield. The transplanting of pot seedlings is the main mechanical planting method of rice 1. The transplanting of the pot seedlings can fully utilize the photothermal resources, improve the cropping index of the crops, have the comprehensive benefit to the climate compensation function and prolong the growth period of the crops, can effectively improve the quality of the single production and the crops, save the cost effect, and have the advantages that the other planting methods are not comparable the transplanting mechanism is used as the core working part of the rice pot seedling transplanter, and the performance of the transplanting mechanism directly determines the whole water of the transplanter, the invention has the advantages that the working mechanism and the structure of the existing transplanting mechanism are complicated, the processing is difficult, the operation quality is not guaranteed, and the invention becomes the main raw material for limiting the application and the popularization of the transplanter The transplanting mechanism has the advantages of simple structure, good operation quality, reliable work and high efficiency, This paper breaks through the traditional structure, successfully designs a kind of "Common-type cam non-circular planetary gear train rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism", has the independent independent intellectual property, the main research The method comprises the following steps: (1) through the working mechanism and the transportation of the existing rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism, The dynamic characteristic analysis indicates the key problem of the research of the transplanting mechanism of the rotary rice pot seedling, that is, the planting action is realized while the seedling taking is realized, and the working track required by the rotary rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism is The paper has made a discussion. (2) In order to solve the problem that the operation track of the rotary type rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism is complex, large and abrupt, and the problem that the non-circular gear transmission is difficult to realize, this paper puts forward a kind of "Common-type cam non-circular planetary gear train rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism" (Patent No.:20121042 1617.1), superposing the traction motion of the non-circular planetary gear train with the swing of the co-rotating cam to cause the transplanting mechanism to form a similar penguin, the track of the seedling taking section is as long as the beak of the bird, the transplanting arm can be ensured to be taken out from the bowl, the track of the planting stage is as the body of the penguin, and the mechanism is simple in structure, light in weight, small in vibration, In this paper, the mechanism and characteristics of the mechanism are discussed in detail, and the mathematical model of the transplanting mechanism of the non-circular planetary gear train of the co-rotating cam is established. The main features include two aspects: the mathematical model of the traction mechanism of the non-circular planetary gear train and the swing co-operation The mathematical model of the cam mechanism, and the machine Based on the mathematical model of the mechanism, the computer-aided analysis and optimization software system of the transplanting mechanism (software registration No.:2012 R11L093174) was developed and the sub-software was introduced in detail. Based on the software, the optimization of the transplanting mechanism and the structure of the co-rotation cam are successfully solved. The design and non-circular gear machining problems. (5) The mechanism kinematics optimization is established according to the agronomic requirements of the rice pot seedling transplantation The aim of this paper is to make a request to the structure of the mechanism. The method of mechanism optimization is discussed, and the motion characteristics and structural performance of the transplanting mechanism are analyzed by the change of the parameters. By using the analysis and optimization software system of the independent development, the structure parameters of the transplanting mechanism are optimized, and the rice is better satisfied. (6) According to the optimized structure parameters, the whole structure of the transplanting mechanism and the design of the parts are completed, and the problems that should be paid attention to in the design are discussed. Finally, in AutoCAD2008 The assembly drawing of the mechanism and the design of each component are completed. (7) Three-dimensional modeling and virtual assembly of the components of the transplanting mechanism are carried out by the UG software, and the three-dimensional model is conducted. The simulation of the virtual prototype is carried out in ADAMS. The result of the experiment of the virtual prototype is compared with the result of the optimization software of the independent development. the working track, the speed and the acceleration curve are highly consistent, and the correctness of the theoretical calculation is verified, and
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：S223.9

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