【摘要】：目前稠油開(kāi)發(fā)的最主要的手段是蒸汽注采。稠油蒸汽注采是一個(gè)帶有相變的多孔介質(zhì)中多相流動(dòng)問(wèn)題,流場(chǎng)中存在物理量變化十分劇烈的狹窄相變鋒面,對(duì)于此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的數(shù)值模擬,為了保證計(jì)算精度,鋒面處的計(jì)算網(wǎng)格尺寸必須很小,如果整個(gè)計(jì)算區(qū)域都采用均勻網(wǎng)格,那么網(wǎng)格節(jié)點(diǎn)就會(huì)很多,計(jì)算量很大。本文利用自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格法動(dòng)態(tài)追蹤鋒面,在物理量變化劇烈的區(qū)域采用細(xì)網(wǎng)格,而在物理量變化緩慢的地方采用粗網(wǎng)格,從而大幅度提高稠油熱采問(wèn)題數(shù)值模擬的計(jì)算速度。 油藏?cái)?shù)值模擬是油田勘探開(kāi)發(fā)生產(chǎn)部門(mén)的重要科研手段。本文自主開(kāi)發(fā)了注蒸汽熱采稠油油藏?cái)?shù)值模擬自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格法計(jì)算軟件,能夠?qū)B透率空間分布不均勻、油藏區(qū)域分布不同種類(lèi)輸運(yùn)性質(zhì)巖石、裂縫-孔隙雙重介質(zhì)、不規(guī)則邊界及內(nèi)部含有斷層和人工壓裂裂縫油藏等復(fù)雜地層注蒸汽熱采稠油問(wèn)題進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬。軟件通過(guò)了信息處理產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合性檢測(cè)中心的測(cè)試并獲得了國(guó)家版權(quán)局的軟件著作權(quán)。通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單二維裂縫性稠油油藏SAGD開(kāi)采過(guò)程數(shù)值模擬和某稠油油藏注熱水驅(qū)油過(guò)程數(shù)值模擬兩個(gè)算例并與國(guó)際著名商業(yè)油藏?cái)?shù)值模擬軟件CMG-STARS對(duì)比結(jié)果顯示,軟件具有較高的計(jì)算精度和穩(wěn)定性,并且由于采用了自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格法,計(jì)算速度比CMG-STARS快,可以滿足油田的科研生產(chǎn)需求。 利用自主開(kāi)發(fā)的軟件,本文對(duì)輔助注入輕質(zhì)溶劑的SAGD過(guò)程進(jìn)行了數(shù)值研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)注入不同分子量的輕質(zhì)溶劑對(duì)SAGD開(kāi)采效率的影響截然不同：輔助注入C2H6可以保持蒸汽腔的壓力并減小頂部熱損,但是由于生產(chǎn)井過(guò)早見(jiàn)氣,蒸汽和輕質(zhì)氣堵塞了稠油流通通道,使得油相相對(duì)滲透率降低,反而不利于稠油增產(chǎn)；輔助注入的C9H20能夠在蒸汽腔壁的蒸汽鋒面處凝結(jié)并充分溶解到稠油中,大大降低稠油粘度,增強(qiáng)鋒面處油相流動(dòng)能力,從而有效地提高稠油的開(kāi)采速度,降低了蒸汽使用量,提高了油汽比,有利于節(jié)能減排。本文分析了輔助注入C9H20溶劑開(kāi)采稠油的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,結(jié)果表明輔助注入C9H20有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值并且特別適用于快采。 稠油、高含水原油以及低滲透地層中原油均顯示出非牛頓流體的特性,三次采油中利用聚合物溶液、膠束溶液、乳狀液和壓縮系數(shù)大的泡沫液等非牛頓流體作為驅(qū)油劑,鉆井液和水力壓裂工藝中的壓裂液通常也是非牛頓流體。因此,研究非牛頓流體的滲流規(guī)律對(duì)于油氣田開(kāi)發(fā)具有重要的實(shí)際意義。冪律流體是工程上常見(jiàn)的非牛頓流體,其本構(gòu)方程能夠較好地反映稠油的流變特性。本文從冪律流體的基本流動(dòng)控制方程出發(fā),利用Whitaker的體積平均方法,將多孔介質(zhì)中冪律流體的細(xì)觀運(yùn)動(dòng)和宏觀滲流運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來(lái)；采用多尺度分析,使得體積平均意義下的宏觀滲流運(yùn)動(dòng)方程得到進(jìn)一步的簡(jiǎn)化：在將細(xì)觀的下的流體物理量和宏觀下的流體物理量聯(lián)系起來(lái)的封閉性假設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)上,理論推導(dǎo)得到冪律流體宏觀滲流的廣義Darcy定律。研究結(jié)果顯示滲流速度和壓力梯度之間存在冪函數(shù)關(guān)系,但冪律流體表觀滲透率僅在一維流動(dòng)情況下由多孔介質(zhì)的空間結(jié)構(gòu)以及冪律流體的流變特性所確定,對(duì)于二維及以上空間的流動(dòng),由于非線性項(xiàng)的存在,其表觀滲透率還依賴(lài)于宏觀滲流速度的具體方向,該滲流特性和牛頓流體完全不同。數(shù)值算例顯示本文理論推導(dǎo)的表觀滲透率對(duì)于滲流速度方向的依賴(lài)屬性和國(guó)際上現(xiàn)有的基于直接求解冪律流體流動(dòng)控制方程的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果相符。 綜上,本文的主要工作是開(kāi)發(fā)具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的稠油熱采數(shù)值模擬自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格法計(jì)算軟件,軟件能夠?qū)?fù)雜地層的稠油蒸汽注采問(wèn)題進(jìn)行快速模擬。軟件對(duì)裂縫-孔隙雙重介質(zhì)稠油油藏SAGD開(kāi)采過(guò)程和某稠油油藏?zé)崴?qū)采油過(guò)程模擬的兩個(gè)實(shí)例表明軟件能對(duì)復(fù)雜地層的稠油熱采問(wèn)題利用自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)格法進(jìn)行快速數(shù)值模擬；本文利用開(kāi)發(fā)的軟件研究不同輕質(zhì)溶劑對(duì)SAGD過(guò)程開(kāi)采效率的影響和作用機(jī)理；針對(duì)稠油的非牛頓流體特性,本文利用體積平均方法對(duì)冪律流體在多孔介質(zhì)中的滲流規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究并推導(dǎo)其廣義Darcy定律。
[Abstract]:At present, the most important method of heavy oil development is steam injection and production. Heavy oil steam injection and production is a multi-phase flow problem in porous media with phase change. There is a narrow phase change front in the flow field where the physical quantity varies sharply. For the numerical simulation of this kind of problem, to ensure the calculation accuracy, the mesh size at the front must be very small. If uniform grids are used in the whole calculation area, there will be a lot of grid nodes and a large amount of computation. In this paper, the adaptive grid method is used to dynamically track the front, fine grids are used in areas where the physical quantity varies sharply, and coarse grids are used in areas where the physical quantity varies slowly, thus greatly improving the numerical simulation of heavy oil thermal recovery problem. Calculation speed.
Reservoir numerical simulation is an important scientific research method for oil field exploration and production department.This paper independently develops the software of adaptive grid method for numerical simulation of steam injection thermal recovery heavy oil reservoir.It can be used to calculate the heterogeneous spatial distribution of permeability,the distribution of different types of reservoir rock,fracture-pore dual media,irregular boundary and so on. The software passed the test of the Information Processing Product Standard Compliance Test Center and obtained the software copyright of the State Copyright Administration. Through the numerical simulation of the SAGD production process of a simple two-dimensional fractured heavy oil reservoir and a heavy oil reservoir. Two numerical simulation examples of hot water flooding process in oil reservoir are given and compared with the famous commercial reservoir numerical simulation software CMG-STARS. The results show that the software has higher calculation accuracy and stability. The calculation speed is faster than that of CMG-STARS because of the adoption of adaptive grid method, which can meet the needs of scientific research and production in oil field.
Using self-developed software, the SAGD process of assisted injection of light solvents is numerically studied in this paper. It is found that the effect of injected light solvents with different molecular weights on the recovery efficiency of SAGD is quite different. The assisted injection of C2H6 can maintain the pressure of steam chamber and reduce the heat loss at the top of the steam chamber, but because of premature gas breakthrough in production wells, steam and light weight are produced. Gas blocked the flow passage of heavy oil, making the relative permeability of oil phase decrease, but not conducive to heavy oil production; auxiliary injection of C9H20 can condensate in the steam front of the steam chamber wall and fully dissolve into heavy oil, greatly reducing the viscosity of heavy oil, enhancing the oil phase flow capacity at the front, thus effectively improving the recovery rate of heavy oil and reducing This paper analyzes the economic benefit of heavy oil recovery by auxiliary injection of C9H20 solvent. The results show that auxiliary injection of C9H20 has certain economic value and is especially suitable for fast recovery.
Heavy oil, high water cut crude oil and crude oil in low permeability formation all show characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluid such as polymer solution, micelle solution, emulsion and foam fluid with high compressibility are used as oil displacement agent in tertiary oil recovery. Drilling fluid and fracturing fluid in hydraulic fracturing technology are usually non-Newtonian fluid. The seepage law of non-Newtonian fluid is of great practical significance to the development of oil and gas fields. Power-law fluid is a common non-Newtonian fluid in engineering. Its constitutive equation can well reflect the rheological characteristics of heavy oil. Starting from the basic flow control equation of power-law fluid, this paper uses Whitaker's volume averaging method to calculate the power of porous media. The macroscopic seepage motion equation in the sense of volume average is further simplified by means of multi-scale analysis. On the basis of the closed hypothesis which links the microscopic and macroscopic physical quantities of fluid, the power-law flow is deduced theoretically. The results show that there is a power function relationship between seepage velocity and pressure gradient, but the apparent permeability of power-law fluid is only determined by the spatial structure of porous media and the rheological characteristics of power-law fluid in the case of one-dimensional flow. The numerical examples show that the dependence of the apparent permeability on the direction of the seepage velocity derived from the theory and the numerical results based on the direct solution of the governing equations of power law fluid flow are available. Match.
In summary, the main work of this paper is to develop a self-adaptive grid method software for numerical simulation of heavy oil thermal recovery with independent intellectual property rights. The software can simulate the steam injection and production problem of heavy oil in complex formations quickly. The software simulates the SAGD production process of heavy oil reservoir with fracture-pore dual media and the hot water flooding production process of a heavy oil reservoir. Two examples show that the software can be used to simulate the thermal recovery of heavy oil in complex formations with adaptive mesh method; the effect and mechanism of different light solvents on the recovery efficiency of SAGD process are studied by using the software developed in this paper; for the non-Newtonian fluid characteristics of heavy oil, the volume average method is used to simulate the power law flow. The law of seepage in porous media is studied and generalized Darcy's law is derived.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE345

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本文編號(hào)：2238228