【摘要】：質(zhì)量需求是現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的核心需求，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的好壞直接關(guān)系著企業(yè)的市場競爭力和企業(yè)自身的存續(xù)。因此，將質(zhì)量放在首位是目前所有企業(yè)的共同選擇。質(zhì)量控制與質(zhì)量管理的方法與手段多種多樣，傳統(tǒng)檢測與測量往往依賴于人工完成。 本文著眼于流水線上、不間斷運動的連續(xù)物體視覺可識別量的在線檢測。利用機(jī)器視覺替代人工檢測，運用計算機(jī)及軟件替代檢測工人，通過可重構(gòu)的視覺檢測方法實現(xiàn)在不同被檢對象上的快速反應(yīng)與裝備實現(xiàn)。 本文主要研究了可動態(tài)增減檢測子系統(tǒng)的分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)�，支撐采集控制硬件層、圖像處理識別層、界面顯示層、質(zhì)量等級評價等多層面的視覺重構(gòu)理論，建立了基于軟件芯片的視覺重構(gòu)體系，對重構(gòu)流程、重構(gòu)方案進(jìn)行了設(shè)計，采用規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的方式設(shè)計了各個層次間交互接口。 針對市場上不同廠商的數(shù)字圖像獲取設(shè)備，本文均根據(jù)自身產(chǎn)品而定制、通用性差的缺點進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究。首先，分析了不同數(shù)字圖像獲取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的優(yōu)劣，建立了異構(gòu)硬件環(huán)境下的圖像獲取通用模型；接著，創(chuàng)建了通用圖像獲取接口，設(shè)計并完善了SDK，包括初始化函數(shù)、設(shè)置函數(shù)、獲取函數(shù)、圖像處理回調(diào)函數(shù)、存儲函數(shù)、輔助函數(shù)在內(nèi)的六大類函數(shù)的定義；最后，對函數(shù)接口及其組態(tài)設(shè)計進(jìn)行了研究。 在圖像獲取的基礎(chǔ)上，對圖像處理環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行了探討。首先，分析了視覺檢測的基本需求，梳理了視覺檢測的基本流程；接著，根據(jù)視覺檢測流程的主要需求，設(shè)計了機(jī)器視覺在線檢測算法庫，將常用的圖像預(yù)處理、圖像分割、圖像復(fù)原、特征提取等算法進(jìn)行了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、參數(shù)化設(shè)計，著重突出優(yōu)化算法代碼、執(zhí)行效率、魯棒性等問題；最后，建立并完善了一套基于配置信息的視覺檢測運行環(huán)境，可實現(xiàn)檢測算子的搜索、調(diào)用、重載等功能，，有利于提高檢測系統(tǒng)的柔性，加速針對不同檢測對象的設(shè)備部署。 為實現(xiàn)圖像特征的提取與識別，本文首先研究了常用特征描述方法，分析了其優(yōu)缺點，并指出單一特征或過小規(guī)模特征集在可重構(gòu)視覺檢測方法中的局限性。其后，針對這一核心問題展開，設(shè)計了一套基于統(tǒng)計與時頻聯(lián)合的特征提取方法，建立了通用性機(jī)器視覺在線檢測特征集，并利用該特征集對三種產(chǎn)品的圖像圖形學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了描述。最后，嘗試設(shè)計了基于遺傳算法的特征解耦方法，并就其中關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。 最后，利用可重構(gòu)的機(jī)器視覺方法對粘扣帶、導(dǎo)爆管、網(wǎng)孔織物外觀質(zhì)量視覺檢測進(jìn)行了研究，開發(fā)了具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的檢測系統(tǒng)，驗證了可重構(gòu)的產(chǎn)品視覺檢測方法的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Quality demand is the core demand of modern enterprises. The quality of products is directly related to the market competitiveness of enterprises and the survival of enterprises themselves. Therefore, quality in the first place is the common choice of all enterprises. There are a variety of methods and means for quality control and quality management, and traditional inspection and measurement often rely on manual completion. This paper focuses on the on-line detection of visual recognizable quantities of continuous objects with continuous motion on pipeline. Machine vision is used to replace manual detection, computer and software are used to replace workers, and reconfigurable visual detection method is used to realize rapid response and equipment on different objects. This paper mainly studies the distributed network topology of dynamic incremental and subtractive detection subsystem, supports the collection and control hardware layer, the image processing recognition layer, the interface display layer, the quality grade evaluation and so on multi-layer vision reconstruction theory. The visual reconfiguration system based on software chip is established. The reconstruction process and reconfiguration scheme are designed. The interface between different levels is designed in a standardized and standardized way. Aiming at the digital image acquisition equipment of different manufacturers in the market, this paper studies the shortcomings of customization and poor generality according to their own products. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of different digital image acquisition standards are analyzed, and the general image acquisition model under heterogeneous hardware environment is established. Then, the general image acquisition interface is created, and the initialization function and setting function are designed and perfected in SDK,. Get function, image processing callback function, storage function, auxiliary function, etc. Finally, the function interface and its configuration design are studied. On the basis of image acquisition, the link of image processing is discussed. Firstly, the basic requirements of visual detection are analyzed, and the basic flow of visual detection is combed. Then, according to the main requirements of visual detection process, the online detection algorithm library of machine vision is designed to preprocess and segment the commonly used images. Image restoration, feature extraction and other algorithms are standardized, parameterized design, focusing on the optimization of algorithm code, execution efficiency, robustness and other issues. Finally, a set of visual detection environment based on configuration information is established and improved. The functions of searching, calling and overloading of detection operators can be realized, which can improve the flexibility of the detection system and accelerate the equipment deployment for different detection objects. In order to achieve image feature extraction and recognition, this paper first studies common feature description methods, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, and points out the limitations of single feature or too small feature set in reconfigurable vision detection method. Then, aiming at this core problem, a set of feature extraction method based on statistical and time-frequency combination is designed, and the feature set of universal machine vision on-line detection is established. The feature set is used to describe the image graphics features of three kinds of products. Finally, the feature decoupling method based on genetic algorithm is designed and the key technologies are studied. Finally, using the reconfigurable machine vision method to study the visual inspection of the appearance quality of the adhesive tape, the detonation tube and the mesh fabric, the inspection system with independent intellectual property rights is developed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the reconfigurable visual inspection method are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP274;TP391.41

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