本文選題：血液泵 + 壓電驅(qū)動　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：人工血液泵，即人工心臟，是置于患者體內(nèi)或體外全部或者部分代替自然心臟以實現(xiàn)血液循環(huán)的一種機械裝置。按用途將人工心臟分為左心室輔助、右心室輔助以及全人工心臟等多種類型，其中一個完整的系統(tǒng)應(yīng)當包括液體驅(qū)動裝置、監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)與控制機構(gòu)、能源供給機構(gòu)（電池）等部分，其核心部件是液體驅(qū)動裝置，也就是血液泵。血液泵的輸出性能要滿足生物體的生理需求，應(yīng)具有高穩(wěn)定性、低溶血及生物相容性好的特點，同時應(yīng)該具有體積小、重量輕的特性以滿足攜帶或體內(nèi)植入的要求。 本文提出將壓電泵作為血液泵，壓電泵是一種以逆壓電效應(yīng)驅(qū)動介質(zhì)的新型流體泵，工作過程中對周圍環(huán)境無電磁干擾。本文設(shè)計的壓電驅(qū)動血液泵內(nèi)部無旋轉(zhuǎn)部件，驅(qū)動源運動速度較低，在血液驅(qū)動過程中沖擊性小，避免了血液凝聚和血細胞的破壞。 本文結(jié)合國家自然科學(xué)基金項目“多腔壓電泵用作血泵的基礎(chǔ)理論與試驗研究”(81171481)的技術(shù)要求，研究用于臨床前期實驗的具有完全知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的新型人工心臟泵系統(tǒng)。本項目基于前期課題的研究經(jīng)驗，采用以試驗為主，理論分析與仿真分析相結(jié)合的研究方案。 本文從壓電驅(qū)動血液泵的腔高、緩沖腔深度、進出口直徑、截止閥結(jié)構(gòu)等幾個方面研究血液泵結(jié)構(gòu)對性能的影響。首先，通過理論分析建模，分析影響血液泵輸出特性的因素；其次，通過單因素對比實驗法，對不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的血液泵進行實驗研究，根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果優(yōu)選出最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)；最后，搭建體外循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，對試驗樣機進行測試和分析。 使用試驗樣機搭建模擬的體外循環(huán)系統(tǒng)進行試驗，，通過全自動血細胞分析儀分別對體外循環(huán)0.5小時、1小時、1.5小時后的血液進行檢測。檢測結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)紅細胞計數(shù)、白細胞計數(shù)、淋巴細胞、血紅蛋白、血細胞壓積幾項參數(shù)指標隨著體外循環(huán)時間的延長均有減小的趨勢，循環(huán)時間越長對血細胞的破壞程度也隨之增加，但破壞程度明顯低于傳統(tǒng)連續(xù)式血液泵。 試驗發(fā)現(xiàn)在壓電驅(qū)動血液泵內(nèi)部泵壁拐角處血細胞破壞后形成了絮狀的凝結(jié)物，理論分析表明這種破壞是血液從入口管道進入泵腔區(qū)域時，過流區(qū)的截面突然擴大在壓電驅(qū)動血液泵內(nèi)部泵壁拐角處產(chǎn)生湍流效應(yīng)引起的。在體外循環(huán)后發(fā)現(xiàn)懸臂梁閥片上所積累的絮狀凝結(jié)物少于輪式閥片上所積累的絮狀物，因此懸臂梁閥結(jié)構(gòu)對血細胞的破壞程度小于輪式閥。
[Abstract]:Artificial blood pump (artificial heart) is a kind of mechanical device which is placed in the patient's body or in vitro to replace the natural heart in whole or in part in order to realize blood circulation. The artificial heart is divided into several types according to its use: left ventricular assist, right ventricular assist and total artificial heart. One of the complete systems should include fluid drive device, monitoring system and control mechanism. Energy supply mechanism (battery) and other parts, the core component is a liquid driving device, that is, blood pump. The output performance of blood pump should be high stability, low hemolysis and good biocompatibility in order to meet the physiological needs of organism, and it should be small in size. The piezoelectric pump is a new type of fluid pump driven by inverse piezoelectric effect, and there is no electromagnetic interference in the working environment. The piezoelectric driving blood pump designed in this paper has no rotating parts inside, so the driving source has low speed and low impact in the process of blood driving. This paper combines with the project of National Natural Science Foundation "basic theory and experimental study of multi-chamber piezoelectric pump as blood pump" to avoid the destruction of blood coagulation and blood cell. A new type of artificial heart pump system with full intellectual property rights was studied for clinical trials. Based on the previous research experience, this project adopts the research scheme which is based on experiment, theoretical analysis and simulation analysis. In this paper, the cavity height, buffer cavity depth, inlet and outlet diameter of blood pump driven by piezoelectric are introduced. The effect of the structure of blood pump on performance was studied in several aspects, such as the structure of globe valve. Firstly, through theoretical analysis and modeling, the factors that affect the output characteristics of blood pump are analyzed. Secondly, the experimental study of blood pump with different structure parameters is carried out by the method of single factor contrast experiment, and the optimal structure is selected according to the experimental results. Set up the external circulation system, test and analyze the test prototype, use the test prototype to set up the simulated external circulation system to carry on the experiment, The blood samples after CPB were measured by automatic hematology analyzer after 1 hour and 1.5 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The results showed that red blood cell count, white blood cell count, lymphocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased with the prolongation of cardiopulmonary bypass time. The longer the circulation time, the more damaged the blood cells were, but the degree of destruction was obviously lower than that of the traditional continuous blood pump. The experiment found that the blood cells destroyed at the corner of the pump wall of the piezoelectric driven blood pump formed flocculent coagulant. Theoretical analysis shows that this kind of destruction is caused by the turbulent effect at the corner of the pump wall of the piezoelectric driven blood pump when the cross section of the flow zone expands suddenly when the blood enters the pump cavity from the inlet pipe. After cardiopulmonary bypass, it was found that the flocculent coagulant accumulated on the cantilever valve was less than that on the wheeled valve, so the damage degree of the cantilever valve to blood cells was less than that of the wheeled valve.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TH789

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