本文選題：種業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化 + 發(fā)展?fàn)顩r��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)種業(yè)正以飛快的速度進(jìn)入一個(gè)嶄新的發(fā)展階段，2000年《種子法》的頒布實(shí)施，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，不斷完善的法律法規(guī)為我國(guó)種子企業(yè)提供一個(gè)非常優(yōu)良的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。伴隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的不斷發(fā)展，跨國(guó)種子企業(yè)紛紛進(jìn)入我國(guó)，帶來(lái)的是先進(jìn)的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)、企業(yè)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)我國(guó)種業(yè)造成較大的沖擊。本文主要從中外種業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)行比較，分析發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家種業(yè)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，探討我國(guó)種業(yè)發(fā)展方向。 首先根據(jù)不同階段的特征將我國(guó)種業(yè)發(fā)展分成三個(gè)發(fā)展階段，我國(guó)種業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀是種業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和創(chuàng)新力低、市場(chǎng)大、產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度低，與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家存在差距，種業(yè)發(fā)展面臨機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。分析以美國(guó)為代表發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家種業(yè)發(fā)展的四個(gè)時(shí)期以及每個(gè)時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)，國(guó)際化、多元化、集中化是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家種業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。 其次是分析世界種子發(fā)展格局，了解各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)商品種子的價(jià)值，分析2012年各國(guó)進(jìn)、出口種子的情況。1970年以來(lái)尤其1985年后國(guó)際種子貿(mào)易額呈快速上升趨勢(shì)，近年來(lái)我國(guó)農(nóng)作物種子進(jìn)口呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì)，進(jìn)口農(nóng)作物種子以蔬菜作物種子為主。國(guó)際大型種子企業(yè)不斷兼并重組，集中度越來(lái)越高，，全球轉(zhuǎn)基因作物種植面積逐年擴(kuò)大。從法律制度、種子市場(chǎng)管理、企業(yè)的規(guī)模效益和育種水平等幾個(gè)不同的角度分析以我國(guó)與以美國(guó)為首的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家種業(yè)的差異，找出之間差距，學(xué)習(xí)其先進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 分析我國(guó)農(nóng)作物單產(chǎn)變化，1990年以來(lái)單產(chǎn)不斷提高，其中良種對(duì)糧食增產(chǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)率大，種業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)糧食生產(chǎn)的的貢獻(xiàn)很大。對(duì)我國(guó)近年一些重要文件關(guān)于種業(yè)發(fā)展政策進(jìn)行歸納，這些政策促進(jìn)了我國(guó)種業(yè)的發(fā)展。但我國(guó)種子企業(yè)數(shù)量多、規(guī)模偏小，企業(yè)對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的重視程度不夠，還不是研發(fā)的主體。我國(guó)種業(yè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中還存在認(rèn)識(shí)上的誤區(qū)、企業(yè)沒(méi)成為市場(chǎng)主體、品牌保護(hù)意識(shí)薄弱等問(wèn)題。 最后在分析我國(guó)種業(yè)存在問(wèn)題和借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上，提出改革我國(guó)種業(yè)監(jiān)管模式、品種審定制度、現(xiàn)有的科研體制，加強(qiáng)企業(yè)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)力度和人才培養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)種業(yè)保險(xiǎn)政策發(fā)展，修改、完善種子法律、法規(guī)、行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加大生物技術(shù)研究等具體措施，分析我國(guó)種業(yè)的后發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì)及提出今后發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。
[Abstract]:China's seed industry is entering a new stage of development at a rapid speed. The promulgation and implementation of the seed Law in 2000, the rapid development of social economy, and the continuous improvement of laws and regulations provide a very good growth environment for Chinese seed enterprises. With the continuous development of global economic integration, multinational seed enterprises have entered China, bringing advanced research and development, production and management, enterprise management experience, causing a great impact on the seed industry in China. This paper compares the development of seed industry at home and abroad, analyzes the experience and lessons of seed industry development in developed countries, and probes into the developing direction of seed industry in China. Firstly, according to the characteristics of different stages, the development of seed industry in China is divided into three stages. The present situation of the development of seed industry in China is that the competitive and innovative ability of seed industry is low, the market is large, the degree of industrial concentration is low, and there is a gap between China's seed industry and developed countries. The development of seed industry is faced with opportunities and challenges. This paper analyzes the development trend of seed industry in developed countries, which is characterized by internationalization, diversification and centralization, which represent the four periods and the characteristics of each stage of the development of seed industry in developed countries, which is represented by the United States. The second is to analyze the pattern of seed development in the world, to understand the value of commodity seeds in various countries, and to analyze the import and export of seeds in 2012. Since 1970, especially after 1985, the volume of international seed trade has shown a rapid upward trend. In recent years, the import of crop seeds in China is on the rise, mainly vegetable seeds. International large-scale seed enterprises continue to merge and reorganize, the concentration degree is higher and higher, the global genetically modified crops planting area expands year by year. This paper analyzes the differences between China and the developed countries, such as legal system, seed market management, enterprise scale benefit and breeding level, finds out the gap between China and the developed countries, and studies its advanced technology and management experience. By analyzing the change of crop yield in China, the yield per unit yield has been increasing continuously since 1990, in which the contribution of improved varieties to grain production is great, and the development of seed industry has great contribution to grain production. The development policies of seed industry in some important documents of China in recent years are summarized. These policies promote the development of seed industry in China. However, the number of seed enterprises in China is large, the scale is small, the enterprises pay less attention to intellectual property rights, and they are not the main body of R & D. In the course of the development of seed industry in China, there are still some misunderstandings, such as the enterprises have not become the main body of the market, the consciousness of brand protection is weak, and so on. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the problems existing in the seed industry of our country and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward the reform of the supervision mode of the seed industry, the examination and approval system of varieties, the existing scientific research system, the strengthening of the protection of intellectual property rights of enterprises and the cultivation of talents. To promote the development of seed industry insurance policy, to modify and perfect the seed laws, regulations, industry standards and other specific measures, to analyze the advantages of seed industry in China and put forward the development strategy in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F324.6

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