本文選題：運動學(xué) + 標(biāo)定　； 參考：《江西理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)機器人是《中國制造2025》重點領(lǐng)域之一,而工業(yè)機器人控制系統(tǒng)是機器人核心技術(shù)之一。目前,工業(yè)機器人控制系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)基本被日本和德國壟斷,隨著國產(chǎn)工業(yè)機器人的高速發(fā)展,研發(fā)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的控制系統(tǒng)已成為關(guān)鍵。運動插補算法是機器人控制系統(tǒng)的重要基礎(chǔ)功能之一,直接反映著機器人運動速度和加工效率。對于運動路徑中速度方向變化大的點,高速通過會導(dǎo)致機器人產(chǎn)生震動和沖擊,嚴(yán)重影響著機器人的加工質(zhì)量,低速通過則會影響加工效率。速度規(guī)劃的核心是在機器人加減速性能約束條件下,盡可能提高進(jìn)給速度。本文提出連續(xù)微小直線段插補和樣條曲線插補,綜合考慮了機器人的性能約束,實現(xiàn)了運動平穩(wěn)高速,提高了加工效率。論文主要工作如下:以HYHJ-602型通用六軸焊接機器人為研究對象,采用D-H參數(shù)建模法,分析處理了機器人運動學(xué)正向和反向問題,成功求取了機器人逆解和速度雅克比矩陣,為后文運動插補算法打下基礎(chǔ)。以艾利特ERC-G200型控制器為研究對象,基于目前工業(yè)機器人重復(fù)定位精度過差導(dǎo)致離線編程難以實現(xiàn)的問題,提出了一種微分運動模型標(biāo)定方法,成功提高了機器人的重復(fù)定位精度,為下文連續(xù)微小直線段插補算法的實現(xiàn)打下了基礎(chǔ)。針對離線編程CAM軟件生成的大量微小直線段轉(zhuǎn)接角過大導(dǎo)致速度過低的問題,提出一種基于關(guān)節(jié)突跳速度的相鄰直線段高速轉(zhuǎn)接的速度前瞻插補算法,該法能兼顧關(guān)節(jié)空間速度約束和笛卡爾空間約束,充分利用了電機的加減速能力,保證了機器人通過直線銜接點時平穩(wěn)、高速。針對目前機器人以規(guī)則的關(guān)節(jié)插補、直線插補、圓弧插補為主要插補方法,無法加工復(fù)雜路徑的問題,提出一種基于B樣條的插值曲線,并在此曲線的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合考慮了弓高誤差、法向加速度、切向速度、切向加速度、切向加加速度約束的速度自適應(yīng)前瞻插補算法。該插值曲線僅需幾個特征示教點即可表征所需加工的路徑,極大地降低了操作人員的示教難度。該插補算法能保證生成軌跡完全經(jīng)過所給示教點,輪廓誤差小,以機器人加減速約束下的最大速度平穩(wěn)地經(jīng)過曲率極大值點處,且機器人無震蕩、無沖擊。
[Abstract]:Industrial robot is one of the key fields of "made in China 2025", and industrial robot control system is one of the core technology of robot. At present, the R & D and production of industrial robot control system is basically monopolized by Japan and Germany. With the rapid development of domestic industrial robot, the research and development of control system with independent intellectual property has become the key. Motion interpolation algorithm is one of the important basic functions of robot control system, which directly reflects the motion speed and machining efficiency of the robot. For the points in the path of motion where the direction of velocity changes greatly, the high speed passing will lead to the vibration and impact of the robot, which will seriously affect the machining quality of the robot, and the low speed will affect the processing efficiency. The core of speed planning is to improve the feed speed as much as possible under the constraint of robot acceleration and deceleration performance. In this paper, continuous small straight line segment interpolation and spline curve interpolation are proposed, which take into account the performance constraints of the robot, realize smooth motion and high speed, and improve the processing efficiency. The main work of this paper is as follows: taking the HYHJ-602 universal six-axis welding robot as the research object, using D-H parameter modeling method, the forward and reverse kinematics problems of the robot are analyzed and dealt with, and the inverse solution of the robot and the velocity Jacobian matrix are obtained successfully. It lays the foundation for the motion interpolation algorithm. Taking Allitt ERC-G200 controller as the research object, a differential motion model calibration method is proposed based on the problem that the repeated positioning accuracy of industrial robot is too poor and it is difficult to realize off-line programming. It improves the precision of the robot and lays a foundation for the realization of the interpolation algorithm of the continuous small straight line segment. In order to solve the problem that a large number of small straight line segments generated by off-line programming CAM software lead to too low speed, a forward interpolation algorithm for high speed forward interpolation of adjacent straight line segments based on joint jump speed is proposed. This method can take account of the speed constraint of joint space and Cartesian space constraint, make full use of the acceleration and deceleration ability of the motor, and ensure the stability and high speed of the robot passing through the straight line junction point. Aiming at the problem that the robot is unable to process complex paths with regular joint interpolation, straight line interpolation and arc interpolation as the main interpolation methods, a interpolation curve based on B-spline is proposed and based on the interpolation curve. An adaptive forward interpolation algorithm with bow height error, normal acceleration, tangential velocity, tangential acceleration, tangential acceleration and tangential acceleration is presented. The interpolation curve needs only a few characteristic teaching points to characterize the required processing path, which greatly reduces the difficulty of the operator in teaching. The interpolation algorithm can ensure that the trajectory can be generated completely through the teaching points given, the contour error is small, the maximum velocity of the robot under acceleration and deceleration constraints can smoothly pass through the maximum curvature point, and the robot has no concussion and no impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP242.2

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