本文選題：時(shí)柵位移傳感器　切入點(diǎn)：動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)量　出處：《重慶理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：時(shí)柵位移傳感器是一種擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的全新位移傳感器。目前，時(shí)柵在靜態(tài)和低速條件下測(cè)量的應(yīng)用中，已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了較好的精度和分辨率。但在高速動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)量中，對(duì)時(shí)柵傳感器的時(shí)間響應(yīng)特性提出了新的要求，存在例如采樣波形規(guī)律不明顯、波形出現(xiàn)尖端脈沖等現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致動(dòng)態(tài)誤差的產(chǎn)生和精度的下降。研究時(shí)柵高速動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)量中存在的問(wèn)題，對(duì)進(jìn)一步提高時(shí)柵的測(cè)量精度，推動(dòng)其產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本論文在國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“基于誤差轉(zhuǎn)換的時(shí)柵角位移傳感器自標(biāo)定和自校準(zhǔn)方法研究”的資助下，針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題，開(kāi)展了時(shí)柵位移傳感器在動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)量條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度高分辨率測(cè)量的研究。 首先，對(duì)提高傳感器動(dòng)態(tài)性能的三種方法進(jìn)行深入分析，結(jié)合時(shí)柵傳感器的工作原理，在測(cè)量機(jī)理方面增加動(dòng)測(cè)頭的數(shù)量，，硬件方面利用時(shí)鐘倍頻和時(shí)鐘分相技術(shù)提高時(shí)間測(cè)量分辨率，軟件方面將細(xì)分插補(bǔ)算法應(yīng)用于數(shù)據(jù)處理，以提高時(shí)柵傳感器的動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)量性能。重點(diǎn)研究采用軟件方法來(lái)提高傳感器的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。構(gòu)建了細(xì)分插補(bǔ)算法模型。 其次，設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)現(xiàn)該模型的硬件電路，該電路以FPGA為核心，主要包括A/D采樣模塊、D/A轉(zhuǎn)換模塊、放大濾波、顯示和USB通訊模塊等。構(gòu)建了高分辨率A/D和高速運(yùn)算系統(tǒng)。 然后，設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)現(xiàn)該模型的軟件，對(duì)采集到的時(shí)柵感應(yīng)信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和處理，準(zhǔn)確快速地實(shí)現(xiàn)了時(shí)間差的測(cè)量，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)位移的動(dòng)態(tài)精確測(cè)量。 最后，建立了實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，對(duì)硬件和軟件進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)試，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明硬件和軟件達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求，與時(shí)柵傳感器傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法相比，簡(jiǎn)化了數(shù)據(jù)處理的硬件電路和軟件。目前時(shí)柵傳感器將激勵(lì)信號(hào)頻率從400Hz提高到20KHz，實(shí)現(xiàn)了測(cè)量分辨率可以達(dá)到0.09″。
[Abstract]:Time grating displacement sensor is a new displacement sensor with independent intellectual property rights.At present, the time grating has achieved better precision and resolution in static and low speed measurement applications.However, in high speed dynamic measurement, a new requirement is put forward for the time response characteristics of the time grating sensor. For example, the sampling waveform is not obvious, the waveform has a sharp pulse and so on, which leads to the dynamic error and the decrease of the precision.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the problems existing in the high speed dynamic measurement of the time grating for further improving the measuring accuracy of the time grating and promoting the development of its industrialization.This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Self-calibration and Self-Calibration method of Time-grating angular displacement Sensor based on error conversion", aiming at the above problems.The research of high precision and high resolution measurement of time grating displacement sensor under dynamic measurement condition is carried out.First of all, three methods to improve the dynamic performance of the sensor are analyzed in depth. Combined with the working principle of the time-grating sensor, the number of the dynamic probe is increased in terms of the measurement mechanism.In hardware, clock frequency doubling and clock phase separation techniques are used to improve the time measurement resolution. In software, the subdivision interpolation algorithm is applied to the data processing to improve the dynamic measurement performance of the time grating sensor.Emphasis is placed on the use of software to improve the dynamic performance of the sensor.A subdivision interpolation algorithm model is constructed.Secondly, the hardware circuit is designed to realize the model. The circuit is based on FPGA, which includes A / D sampling module, D / A conversion module, amplifying filter, display and USB communication module, etc.A high resolution A / D and a high speed computing system are constructed.Then, the software to realize the model is designed to analyze and process the collected data of the time-grid induction signal, to accurately and quickly realize the measurement of the time difference, and then to realize the dynamic accurate measurement of the displacement.Finally, the experiment system is established and the hardware and software are debugged. The experiment shows that the hardware and software meet the design requirements. Compared with the traditional data processing method of the time-grating sensor, the hardware circuit and software of the data processing are simplified.At present, the frequency of excitation signal is increased from 400Hz to 20kHz, and the measurement resolution can reach 0.09 ".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TP212;TP274

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本文編號(hào)：1719350